Wednesday, 9 July 2008

'Cloggers' sidestep media intimidation

Cambodian bloggers are starting to use the internet to discuss music, romance and politics. (File photo)

ABC News

Just 10 per cent of Cambodians have access to the internet, but a small number of Cambodians are taking up the craft of blogging.

Cambodian bloggers, or 'Cloggers' as they refer to themselves, are starting to use cyberspace to discuss music, romance, daily life and, just occasionally, politics.

While the traditional news media has no official censorship and is often described as one of the freest in the region, a recent study concluded Cambodia's "media is closely controlled by politics, money and fear".

A survey of 150 journalists last year found 65 per cent were afraid of being physically attacked, and 62 per cent feared legal action.

Pin Samithy, president of the Club Of Cambodian Journalists, told Radio Australia's Connect Asia, while violence against journalists has diminished in recent years, the threat of criminal and civil prosecutions has increased.

"We are very concerned about this and I think after the election the Cambodian journalists will meet each other and resolve this problem," he said.

"We don't want any journalist to be jailed because of their job."

Mr Samithy is also editor-in-chief of Rasmei Kampuchea, the largest newspaper in Cambodia.

He freely admits that his newspaper, like most in the country, is seen to have a bias towards Hun Sen's Cambodian People's Party, just as some of his competitors favour the various Opposition parties.

He says his, and other papers, are striving to introduce more balance.

That is not the view of the bloggers, however.

Chak Sopheap is one of Cambodia's very few bloggers.

The 23-year-old says the media in Cambodia is growing and is more open, but there are still limitations.

"If you look at TV nowadays there's restrictions and it's not independent at all," she said.
"The TV's role is to promote Government and mainly the ruling party."

Bloggers are a long way from being able to challenge that official propaganda with only 1,000 or so active in the country and very few of those prepared to tackle politics.

After a blog entry criticising the ruling Cambodian People's Party, Miss Sopheap was sent a message telling her she should run otherwise she would be killed.

She says she doesn't expect blogs to have much influence on the election later this month but hopes that by the 2013 election Cambodia will have too many bloggers for any one political party to control their message.

"I notice that there's an increasing number because one of my network, they promote the blog creation, they go to schools, universities and other organisation to teach people how to blog and the benefits of blogging," Miss Sopheap said.

Now to rebuild Thai-Cambodian relations

Editorial Desk
The Nation (Thailand)
09-07-2008

The World Heritage Committee yesterday accepted the Temple of Preah Vihear, straddling Thai-Cambodian border, as a World Heritage site. The 21-member inter-governmental independent body accepted and agreed to Cambodia's unilateral application. Cambodia won the inscription from the World Heritage Committee by claiming that it owns the temple under a 1962 verdict by the World Court. Thailand failed in a last-ditch effort to block the inscription claiming it would need to be part of a joint application. Thailand's long-standing position on the Khmer temple is that it respects the World Court's decision but reserves the right to appeal or to find a way to reclaim the ancient monument.

Unfortunately, the political reality at this point has made it impossible for the two countries to undertake a joint approach. The World Heritage Committee would like both countries to work together to safeguard the temple complex. It has requested that Cambodia convene an international coordinating committee and invite Thailand and other appropriate partners as members.

Now, it is high time to mend fences. Thailand, with adjacent areas beyond Cambodia's claims, must immediately find ways to assist in preserving this beautiful Hindu temple. Despite the high political temperature both in Thailand and Cambodia, this episode should now be put to rest. It is clear that the temple's listing will not affect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Thailand, as many have suggested. This was the bone of contention for protesters against the Samak government and Foreign Minister Noppadon Pattama.

The Constitution Court ruled yesterday that the joint communique signed by Noppadon on June 18 was unconstitutional because it violated Article 190 of the new charter, which mandates that all international commitments and treaties must be first debated and approved by the House of Representatives. The World Heritage Committee has considered the communique of June 18, signed by both governments with attached documents, as invalid. Cambodia has submitted a new graphic plan which differs from the previous map, with a reduced perimeter proposed for inscription. Phnom Penh has acknowledged that, in future, new archaeological findings might allow a joint nomination. It is hoped that Cambodia would comply with such a request as soon as possible.

Noppadon has already said he will take responsibility for the failure to postpone the committee's decision. He has repeatedly said that, but any respectable politician would have resigned long ago without further humiliation. Earlier, he portrayed himself as a hero who protected the country's sovereignty. That was rather childish because it allowed the opposition to capitalise on his exaggeration. He has completely failed to explain his fast-track action without going through the House of Representatives. Although the joint communique was not part of the application submitted by Cambodia, it did damage the government and Noppadon.

Indeed, Nopphadon is the wrong choice as foreign minister. He was rewarded because of his loyalty to, and legal work for, deposed leader Thaksin. And he still behaves as if he is Thaksin's lawyer. His biggest problem is lack of common sense or credibility to speak on behalf of Thailand. His judgements and comments cause great confusion to the public. Sometimes, one has a strong feeling that he does all this quite deliberately.

His mediocrity does not augur well for Thailand becoming the chair of Asean from July 25 until the end of 2009. As chair, Thailand will host at least two dozen summits in the next 18 months, involving leaders from 27 countries. As such, this promises to be a great period for Thai diplomacy, offering a chance for us to show leadership and regional vision. Thailand needs a new foreign minister who can speak on behalf of Asean as a whole. He must also represent Thailand and the Thai people. So far, Noppadon has not shown any interest in the affairs of Asean. He has not yet given any substantive interview concerning Thailand's role in Asean and the grouping's future.

Battle to save Cambodian dolphin



[The] dream recedes as each dead dolphin washes up on the banks of the Mekong


By Guy Delauney
BBC News, Kratie

Sun Mao leans forward in the boat, shades his eyes with his hand, and squints across the wide expanse of the Mekong River where it twists through the town of Kratie.

He is looking for one of the world's rarest mammals - the Mekong Irrawaddy dolphin.

Older people in this part of northern Cambodia talk of how they used to take the dolphins for granted.

Little effort was needed to see them in their dozens. Now, scientists say, there are less than 100 remaining.

National heritage

With a practised eye, Sun Mao spots a group of five dolphins, collectively known as a pod.

They briefly break the surface as they come up for air - grey-brown, bullet-headed and exhaling with an old man's rasp.

It is an awe-inspiring sight, but nothing new to Sun Mao.

As part of a local organisation, the Cambodian Rural Development Team (CRDT), he has put years of work into preserving the dwindling population.

For him it is an issue of national heritage.

Sun Mao has been trying to stop the dolphin decline

"This is the last place for these dolphins in the world," he says over the clatter of the boat's outboard engine.

"We have to conserve and keep them alive in this river for our next generation."

CRDT has tried to educate the local human population about what they can do.

A government-enforced ban on the use of gill nets - nets set vertically in the water so that fish swim into them and are entangled in the mesh - has cut down the number of dolphins accidentally caught by fishermen.

Instead, CRDT has helped locals to reduce their reliance on fishing by offering alternatives such as poultry farming.

Villagers on Pdao Island, just outside Kratie, greet Sun Mao as an old friend as he clambers up the muddy riverbank.

Tourist influx

They happily show off their CRDT-sponsored chickens, water-pumps and fish ponds, and declare themselves delighted to be part of the dolphin preservation efforts.

It would be a heart-warming tale, if only the statistics were not so brutally depressing.

A scientific survey taken three years ago estimated the dolphin population at 127. The latest study by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) puts the figure at 71.

It comes as a devastating blow after all the work that local and international organisations have put in.

As well as banning the use of gill nets, the government has established a network of river guards to patrol the dolphin habitats.

While CRDT has been working with the local human population, WWF scientists have been looking into ways of protecting the dolphins.

Everyone was hoping that the dolphin population would at least stabilise, if not flourish.

Payback would come in the form of an influx of tourists to see the pods at play and bring much-needed revenue to the local economy.

Contaminants

That dream recedes as each dead dolphin washes up on the banks of the Mekong.

Most worryingly, most of the recent casualties have been calves. Without the babies, there is no future for the species.

"There are theories that the immune systems of the dolphins have been compromised by stress," says Richard Zanre, dolphin programme manager for WWF.

"The river environment has been encroached upon by new developments. There is also the problem of contaminants in the river."

The answers need to be found quickly. As it stands, WWF still classifies the remaining population as "sustainable".

If the numbers fall much further, however, there will no longer be enough diversity for the dolphins to breed successfully.

That would spell the end for this unique species.

Cambodian Conquest

News Desk
Daily Xpress
09-07-2008

Thailand loses its bid to share the cultural spoils with Cambodia as Unesco lists Preah Vihear a World Heritage site. Political, legal battles here could lead to impeachment hearings for the Cabinet

Overjoyed Cambodians were dancing in the streets yesterday on hearing news that the UN cultural agency has granted World Heritage status for the ancient Hindu temple disputed between Cambodia and Thai-land.

Despite a long-standing territorial conflict over land around the 11th century Preah Vihear temple, the 21-nation World Heritage Committee approved Cambodia's application to register the site at an Unesco meeting in Quebec, Canada.

"This is another pride for Cambodia and our people as well as for the people in the region and the world as a whole," Prime Minister Hun Sen says.

Watching on television, people held Cambodian flags as they listened to the PM's morning statement. Pagodas across the capital sounded their gongs as people rushed to markets and government offices to celebrate the listing.

At the temple, 200 Cambodians living near the entrance to the temple cheered in delight and welcomed World Heritage. Thai Si Sa Ket residents expressed disappointment and dismay.

Sukhum Wongprasit, a Thai activist, says his group will continue its rally to reclaim sovereignty over the disputed land using non-violent tactics.

Arunsak Ocharos, another activist, calls on the military to "show their professional pride" by protecting Thai soil.

The Constitution Court had earlier ruled that a joint communique Thai Foreign Minister Noppadon Pattama signed with Cambodia over Preah Vihear Temple in June is unconstitutional.

Court secretary-general Paiboon Warahapaiboon says signing of such an agreement with Cambodia needs approval from Parliament.

"The joint communiqu้ with Cambodia is considered a treaty in accordance with the Vienna Convention of 1969 and the Constitution's article 190 and as such needs approval from Parliament," he says.

The World Heritage status has sparked a political and legal battle that could lead to impeachment hearings for the Cabinet.

In 1962 the World Court ruled the temple belongs to Cambodia, although the main entrance lies at the foot of a mountain in Thailand. The exact boundary through the surrounding area has caused years of disputes.

Cambodia jails Aussie over drugs

news.com.au
From correspondents in Phnom Penh
July 09, 2008

A CAMBODIAN court has sentenced an Australian man to six years in prison for trying to smuggle the drug ice out of the country.

Simon Peter Conway, 50, was convicted of drug-trafficking in a trial yesterday and sentenced to six years and a $2625 fine, Judge Chan Madina said today.

Conway was arrested in October at Phnom Penh airport after authorities found 40g of the drug with him.

his lawyer, Dun Vibol, said he already filed an appeal against the sentence.

"Conway confessed everything during the trial. But we want his sentence to be reduced to the minimum," he said.

Conway had intended to take the drug to Australia to use as a painkiller for a leg injury.

Ice can be produced in rudimentary laboratories from a range of chemicals and resembles clear, chunky crystals that can be smoked, snorted or injected.

Although drug arrests have risen, Cambodia is becoming an increasingly popular trafficking point for methamphetamines and heroin, particularly since neighbouring Thailand toughened its stance on illegal drugs in 2002.

Cambodia training mine-detecting dogs


The San Francisco Chronicle

Katie Nelson, Chronicle Foreign Service
Tuesday, July 8, 2008

PDT Phnom Penh, Cambodia --

Five squirming puppies born in the outskirts of this capital city may hold the future to successful land mine eradication in Cambodia.

As part of the first litter of 10 mine-detection dogs born in Southeast Asia, the puppies spend their time wrestling and napping in a silky-soft heap. The government hopes these snuffling pups will become the nation's next generation of heroes, sniffing out TNT and exposing lethal buried land mines.

"Of all trained working dogs, the most difficult job is being a mine-detection dog. These dogs need to be at the top every day," said P.A. Bergstrom, a canine expert with Norwegian People's Aid who is developing the program for Cambodia Mine Action Center, a nongovernmental organization.

Cambodia has one of the world's highest rates of unexploded munitions, according to the International Campaign to Ban Landmines. Hundreds of thousands of land mines, cluster bombs and artillery shells are buried throughout the nation's jungles and countryside - lethal reminders of three decades of past wars.

"Even when land mines and UXOs (unexploded ordnance) do not directly kill or hurt people, they are a major obstacle to the development of the country because the contaminated land cannot be used for agriculture or resettlement," Deputy Prime Minister Sok An has said. "People cannot travel or access basic social infrastructures. Getting rid of land mines is a prerequisite to lifting affected populations out of poverty."

Expensive dogs

Since 2000, canine mine-detection teams have been used in Cambodia in four of the worst-hit provinces. Currently, there are 53 dogs in the field.

Experts say the optimum canine is a fully trained German or Belgian shepherd from Europe, which generally costs about $30,000. Purchasing such pricey foreign dogs has been an issue for impoverished Cambodia.

After the mine action center was formed in 1996, the organization attempted to turn local dogs into mine detectors. They sent 10 prospects to Sweden for training. But even though the Cambodian canines learned how to detect mines, the effort eventually failed. The dogs had difficulty trusting their handlers upon return to Cambodia.

"The life of a Cambodian dog is not like in Western culture," Bergstrom said. "Here, they're used for guarding the house and almost everyone knows the best way to get rid of one on the street is to bend down and pretend that you are picking up a stone, because that's normal treatment for local dogs."

So even though the Cambodian dogs learned how to find mines, they regressed once they returned to Southeast Asia, Bergstrom said. "They came back to their old behaviors. They began listening to their handlers less."

Training detectors

Since then, the center has imported dogs. But that could change if the current program's instructors can mold the puppies into full-fledged mine detectors.

"The dog is not easy to train," said Vim Lay Im, an instructor who handles Tess, a retired mine detector who has worked in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Angola and Cambodia. "The instructor needs to be strong and patient and get involved with the dog most of the time. ... It is hard at first, but it will be better once you grab the dog's heart."

The new trainees were born in March, the offspring of proven mine detectors. The parents, November and Frode, are Belgian shepherds from Bosnia.

The training process began almost immediately after the puppies were born: Bergstrom and trainer Huot Vannara played games with them, encouraging them to investigate and retrieve with the hope that playful roughhousing and fetch would help develop brave, curious adults with a "high-sniff frequency."

Deaths a setback

Last month, however, five of the 10 dogs died from canine coronavirus, which affects the intestinal tract. Bergstrom said the deaths underscore the difficulties in raising dogs in Cambodia: The disease is rarely fatal in Western countries, where vaccines and expert veterinary care are available.

The setback, however, won't deter Cambodia from developing its dog mine-detector program, Bergstrom vows.

"If even a couple of puppies make it into the field, the fledgling program will be a huge success," he said.

Cambodia and land mines

Cambodia is cluttered with land mines and unexploded ordnance from past wars involving the Cambodian military, the former Khmer Rouge regime, Vietnam and the United States. It is one of the most contaminated countries in the world, affecting nearly half of the nation's rural villages.

Between 1970 and 1975, an estimated 539,129 tons of bombs were dropped on Cambodia. Conservative estimates show that the United States dropped more than 50,000 tons of unexploded general purpose bombs and 3.75 million unexploded bomblets.

Since 1979, there have been more than 63,000 casualties from land mine and unexploded ordnance. One in every 250 Cambodians is disabled, and the proportion of amputees - 1 in every 384 people - is the highest in the world.

In 1993, Cambodia began its program to eradicate the mines. A 2002 survey identified 1,724 square miles of known or suspect areas. By 2006, 23 square miles had been cleared of 236,929 mines and other devices.

As a result, deaths and injuries are decreasing. Land mines and ordnance killed or maimed 1,154 people in 1999 compared with 315 last year.

The Cambodian government hopes to clear all land mines by 2012.

Sources: International Campaign to Ban Landmines; Cambodia Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority; Cambodian Red Cross/Handicap International Belgium; Cambodia Mine/UXO Victim Information System; HALO Trust; Rand; Mines Advisory Group; U.N. Development Program; U.N. Mine Action Service; World Bank.

Canine mine detectors

More than 750 dogs are used in detection programs in an estimated 23 countries, including Cambodia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Angola, Afghanistan and Iraq.

In Cambodia, the 18-month training program begins soon after the puppies are born. Initially, teachers stimulate the dogs with playful roughhousing and loud noise recordings designed to develop hunting instincts and an unflappable demeanor.

The dogs are then given a conical red rubber toy, which is used as a reward and as a teaching tool. By using increasingly smaller pieces of the toy, the trainers teach dogs to sniff out specific scents by putting the plaything into a carousel of stainless steel cans. Trainers also bury slivers of the toy in sand and teach dogs to sit once they have found it.

After dogs are able to detect a small sliver of the toy, the same tactic is applied to smaller and smaller pieces of TNT. Eventually, they learn to smell even the slightest trace of explosives in the air or on the ground.

A dog and his handler can clear at least 6,458 square feet a day. In contrast, a person with a metal detector can cover only a quarter of that area.

Sources: Norwegian People's Aid; Cambodia Mine Action Center; Geneva International Center for Humanitarian Demining; Cambodia Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority.

Neou Vannarin contributed to this report. E-mail Katie Nelson at foreign@sfchronicle.com.

Australian drug smuggler jailed in Cambodia

Radio Australia

An Australian man has been sentenced to six years in prison in Cambodia for trying to smuggle drugs out of the country.

Simon Peter Conway, 50, was convicted of drug trafficking and sentenced to six years and a $US2,500 fine.

He was arrested in October at Phnom Penh Airport after authorities found 40 grammes of the methamphetamine known as 'ice' with him.

Conway's lawyer Dun Vibol says he has already filed an appeal seeking to have the prison sentence reduced.

Cambodia is an increasingly popular trafficking point for methamphetamines and heroin, particularly since neighbouring Thailand toughened its stance on illegal drugs in 2002.

Former Cambodian Khmer Rouge minister denied bail

Ieng Thirith has been charged with crimes against humanity for her role in the 1970s Khmer Rouge regime. [AFP]

Radio Australia

The United Nations-backed Khmer Rouge tribunal in Cambodia has dismissed a bail request by former Khmer Rouge cabinet minister, Ieng Thirith.

The Presiding Judge says the request was denied to ensure Ieng Thirith's presence at trial, protect her personal safety and preserve public order.

Ieng Thirith, 76, was minister of education and of social affairs during the Khmer Rouge reign from 1975 to 1979.

She's the wife of former Khmer Rouge deputy prime minister and foreign minister Ieng Sary.

Both husband and wife have been charged with crimes against humanity, Ieng Sary has also been charged with war crimes.

Ieng Thirith was the third of the five Khmer Rouge leaders awaiting trial whose appeals for release have been denied.

The court earlier dismissed appeals by Kaing Kek Ieu, known as Duch, chief of Tuol Sleng torture center and Nuon Chea, known as Brother No. 2.

No decision has yet been rendered on Ieng Sary's appeal.

Duch is expected to be the first person to be tried, sometime in August or September, by the UN-backed Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia.

The trials of the others, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Ieng Thirith and former head of state Kheiu Samphan, are not expected before next year.

The Khmer Rouge regime is blamed for the deaths of at least 1.7 million Cambodians during their rule.

Thai anger as disputed Cambodian temple wins heritage status

The 900-year-old Hindu temple of Preah Vihear on the Thai-Cambodian border

THE INDEPENDENT
By Andrew Buncombe, Asia Correspondent
Wednesday, 9 July 2008

Thousands of Cambodians celebrated in the streets after an 11th-century temple was finally granted World Heritage status, even as a political row relating to the Hindu site continued to simmer with neighbouring Thailand.

Almost 50 years after an international court ruled that the Preah Vihear temple belonged to Cambodia rather than Thailand, Unesco has decided that the complex that sits on the border of the two countries deserved the special status. When people awoke to the news yesterday morning, thousands poured on to the streets of the capital, Phnom Penh, to celebrate.

The Prime Minister, Hun Sen, said: "This is another proud achievement for our people, the people in the region as well as the whole world, that the temple is being recognised as the Khmer's greatest architecture. It resulted from a very long and complicated process and negotiations."

Cambodia started seeking special status for the temple in 2001 in the belief that it would help boost tourism and lead to additional international funding. Thailand had long opposed the designation because it feared the ruling would grant disputed land along the border to Cambodia.

But in May, Thailand's Prime Minister, Samak Sundaravej, threw his weight behind the application. His undertaking of support bypassed the country's parliament and his political opponents seized on the affair, stirring up a nationalist frenzy and accusing him of violating the nation's sovereignty. Just last month, Mr Samak survived a confidence vote that was brought by his opponents, who accuse him of acting as a proxy for the former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra.

Even as Cambodia celebrated yesterday, the political row in Thailand continued. The country's most senior court ruled that a communiqué approved by the cabinet in June which backed Cambodia's application to Unesco for the 900-year-old temple had required the approval of parliament. The opposition Democrat party said it would use the ruling to try to force out the country's Foreign Minister, Noppadon Pattama, who had created the communiqué.

"The Preah Vihear temple is part of a wounded history of Thailand and Cambodia," Charnvit Kasetsiri, a historian at Bangkok's Thammasat University, told the Associated Press. "It was used to stir up a nationalist movement in the past and is now threatening to inflame politics again."

The location of the temple has continued to serve as a defensive outpost until recently. In the spring of 1975, as Khmer Rouge rebels were seizing control of Phnom Penh, government troops continued to defend a base at Preah Vihear more than a month after the rest of the country had fallen.

In 1998, when the very last of the Khmer Rouge fighters agreed to surrender to the Cambodian government, Preah Vihear was the location of negotiations that led to the settlement.

Since Cambodia made its application in 2001 for special status for the site, both countries have increased security at their embassies amid fears that nationalist anger could get out of control.

But Unesco said that its designation of the site would not impact on discussions about the border.

It said its ruling was based on a different application to the joint Thai-Cambodian communiqué which was criticised in Bangkok yesterday.

Preah Vihear: shrine to Shiva

Situated at the top of a 1,700ft-high cliff in the Dangrek Mountains, Preah Vihear was built between the 9th and 10th centuries.

The entrance to the temple is reached by a steep climb of 162 stone steps, which gets the heart pumping even before you have set your eyes on its magnificent carvings, pictured. It was built for the Hindu god Shiva during the reign of King Suryavarman, and is assembled in several stages, starting with the Shiva sanctuary at the top.

The temple is famed for one of the most stunning locations of any built during the Khmer empire.

Irregularities in the National Election Campaign





MP SAM RAINSY WILL GO TO THE TRIBUNAL

Phnom Penh , 8 July 2008
PRESS RELEASE

ON JULY 9, 2008 AT 8AM, MP SAM RAINSY WILL GO TO THE TRIBUNAL
In relation to the defamation lawsuit filed by Minister of Foreign Affairs Hor Nam Hong and following the request made by the Phnom Penh Municipal Court to lift his parliamentary immunity, Member of Parliament Sam Rainsy will go to the Phnom Penh Municipal Court on July 9, 2008 , at 8am .

Tribunals, judges and prosecutors can interview Parliamentarians any time, and do not need to wait until their parliamentary immunity is lifted.

After his meeting with the Phnom Penh Municipal Court magistrates, MP Sam Rainsy will address questions from the press.

SRP Members of Parliament

For more information please contact Tioulong Saumura 092 888 002

Sacravatoons :" Preah-Vihear "

Courtesy of Sacravatoon at http://sacrava.blogspot.com/

Sacravatoons :" Tim Sakhorn,Hanoi-Hilton's Guest "

Courtesy of Sacravatoon at http://sacrava.blogspot.com/

Sacravatoons :" The Indochina's Emperor "

Courtesy of Sacravatoon at http://sacrava.blogspot.com/

SPC spuds first well on Cambodia Block B

Energy Current
Filed from Aberdeen
7/8/2008

CAMBODIA: Singapore Petroleum Co. Ltd. and its partners in Block B off Cambodia today spud the block's first exploration well, Vimean Morodok MahaNorkor-1.

The Block B exploration prospect lies east of the Khmer sub-basin in a water depth of about 75 metres (246 ft). The prospect lies about 80 kilometres (50 miles) east of the Thai-Cambodian Overlapping Claims Area in the Gulf of Thailand.

The exploration well will be drilled to test the hydrocarbon potential in the Oligocene fluvio-lacustrine sediment as the primary target and the Miocene fluvial-deltaic sediment reservoirs as the secondary objective. The well is anticipated to reach a true vertical depth of 2,917 meters (9,570 ft). Drilling is expected to take approximately 15 days to complete.

Now to rebuild thai-cambodian relations

The Nation
Published on July 9, 2008

With the Preah Vihear Temple issue decided, it's time for a new foreign minister to focus on Asean

The World Heritage Committee yesterday accepted the Temple of Preah Vihear, straddling Thai-Cambodian border, as a World Heritage site. The 21-member inter-governmental independent body accepted and agreed to Cambodia's unilateral application. Cambodia won the inscription from the World Heritage Committee by claiming that it owns the temple under a 1962 verdict by the World Court. Thailand failed in a last-ditch effort to block the inscription claiming it would need to be part of a joint application. Thailand's long-standing position on the Khmer temple is that it respects the World Court's decision but reserves the right to appeal or to find a way to reclaim the ancient monument.

Unfortunately, the political reality at this point has made it impossible for the two countries to undertake a joint approach. The World Heritage Committee would like both countries to work together to safeguard the temple complex. It has requested that Cambodia convene an international coordinating committee and invite Thailand and other appropriate partners as members.

Now, it is high time to mend fences. Thailand, with adjacent areas beyond Cambodia's claims, must immediately find ways to assist in preserving this beautiful Hindu temple. Despite the high political temperature both in Thailand and Cambodia, this episode should now be put to rest. It is clear that the temple's listing will not affect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Thailand, as many have suggested. This was the bone of contention for protesters against the Samak government and Foreign Minister Noppadon Pattama.

The Constitution Court ruled yesterday that the joint communique signed by Noppadon on June 18 was unconstitutional because it violated Article 190 of the new charter, which mandates that all international commitments and treaties must be first debated and approved by the House of Representatives. The World Heritage Committee has considered the communique of June 18, signed by both governments with attached documents, as invalid. Cambodia has submitted a new graphic plan which differs from the previous map, with a reduced perimeter proposed for inscription. Phnom Penh has acknowledged that, in future, new archaeological findings might allow a joint nomination. It is hoped that Cambodia would comply with such a request as soon as possible.

Noppadon has already said he will take responsibility for the failure to postpone the committee's decision. He has repeatedly said that, but any respectable politician would have resigned long ago without further humiliation. Earlier, he portrayed himself as a hero who protected the country's sovereignty. That was rather childish because it allowed the opposition to capitalise on his exaggeration. He has completely failed to explain his fast-track action without going through the House of Representatives. Although the joint communique was not part of the application submitted by Cambodia, it did damage the government and Noppadon.

Indeed, Nopphadon is the wrong choice as foreign minister. He was rewarded because of his loyalty to, and legal work for, deposed leader Thaksin. And he still behaves as if he is Thaksin's lawyer. His biggest problem is lack of common sense or credibility to speak on behalf of Thailand. His judgements and comments cause great confusion to the public. Sometimes, one has a strong feeling that he does all this quite deliberately.

His mediocrity does not augur well for Thailand becoming the chair of Asean from July 25 until the end of 2009. As chair, Thailand will host at least two dozen summits in the next 18 months, involving leaders from 27 countries. As such, this promises to be a great period for Thai diplomacy, offering a chance for us to show leadership and regional vision. Thailand needs a new foreign minister who can speak on behalf of Asean as a whole. He must also represent Thailand and the Thai people. So far, Noppadon has not shown any interest in the affairs of Asean. He has not yet given any substantive interview concerning Thailand's role in Asean and the grouping's future.

Thai government in crisis with main ruling party facing dissolution

Bangkok, Jul 8: Thailand's main ruling People's Power Party (PPP) faced a crisis today after a long-awaited judicial verdict found a leading PPP member guilty of electoral fraud, which could lead to the PPP’s dissolution.

In a late afternoon verdict that lasted for two hours, the Supreme Court of Thailand ruled that former PPP deputy leader and ex-parliament speaker Yongyuth Tiyapairat was guilty of electoral fraud during the December 2007 elections to restore democracy to Thailand.

Under Thailand’s post-coup Constitution, Mr Yongyuth's disqualification as an elected member of parliament could lead to the PPP being disbanded.

Similar complaints of electoral fraud have been filed in the Supreme Court by the national election commission against key members of three other ruling coalition parties.

Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej met his coalition partners today ahead of the verdict and according to local media reports Mr Samak was advised to dissolve parliament in case Mr Yongyuth was found guilty by the court.

The ruling follows a Constitution Court verdict earlier today that Foreign Minister Noppadon Pattama had violated the Constitution by signing a joint communiqué with his Cambodian counterpart in support of Phnom Penh's application for UNESCO World Heritage status for the 900-year-old Preah Vihar Hindu temple on the Thai-Cambodian border.

The main opposition Democrat Party today announced it would move a motion in parliament to impeach the foreign minister.

Awarded to Cambodia by the International Court of Justice four decades ago, the temple dispute is a highly emotive, political issue in Thailand and the two countries are negotiating territorial control over a small area near the temple.

Thai temple backing ruled illegal

Cambodian authorities hope the new status will increase tourism

BBC News
Tuesday, 8 July

Thailand's government should not have backed Cambodian efforts to seek world heritage status for a temple built on disputed land, Thai judges have ruled.

The constitutional court said the Thai government should have consulted parliament before backing the bid.

The Preah Vihear Hindu temple, near the Thai-Cambodian border, was awarded Unesco World Heritage status on Monday.

Thailand's opposition said supporting the bid jeopardised Thai claims to disputed land in the border region.

In its ruling, the constitutional court gave its backing to suggestions the government had acted improperly.

"The government must consult and get approval from parliament before signing treaties with foreign countries," a court spokesman told a news conference.

Local media reported political and academic opposition to the government's decision.

Bangkok newspaper The Nation said some academics had called for the Thai foreign minister to resign for signing the agreement with Cambodia, and said a group of senators were considering impeachment proceedings.

Strategic site

However, the decision was welcomed in Cambodia, where crowds took to the streets to celebrate.

Prime Minister Hun Sen said the decision gave "a new pride for the people of Cambodia", the Associated Press reported.

The 11th Century temple and the land around it were awarded to Cambodia by the International Court of Justice in 1962, forcing Thai troops who had occupied the area to withdraw.

Preah Vihear became caught up in Cambodia's civil conflict: it fell to the Khmer Rouge in 1975 and was only handed back in 1998.

Bidding for Unesco World Heritage status was seen as an opportunity to attract money for restoration and increase the number of tourists in the area.

Vimpelcom buys Cambodia's Sotelco - source

MOSCOW, July 8 (Reuters) - Vimpelcom Russia's second-largest phone operator bought Cambodia's Sotelco, a source told Reuters on Tuesday. Altimo, the telecommunications investment arm of Russia's Alfa Group, owns a 44 percent stake in Vimpelcom. Norway's Telenor owns 29.9 percent.

Sotelco would be sold to Vimpelcom for $28 million, Russian business daily Vedomosti reported, citing sources close to Alfa.

Vimplcom declined to comment.

(Reporting by Anastasia Teterevleva; Writing by Amie Ferris-Rotman; Editing by Erica Billingham)

Cambodia Includes Agricultural Mechanization into the Agricultural Production System of Farmers

Posted on 8 July 2008
The Mirror, Vol. 12, No. 568

“Phnom Penh: Senior officials of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries said that nowadays, a relevant section of the agricultural sector of Cambodia is including agricultural mechanization for Cambodian farmers countrywide, to increase their production capacity, and to increase the quantity of agricultural production and its quality and to attract markets.

“A group of agricultural technical officials said that the inclusion of agricultural mechanization, such as the use of ploughing and harvesting machines, paddy seed transplanting machines, tractors, “hand held tractors” [for ploughing wet rice-fields before planting], threshing machines, paddy milling machines etc., into the planting, harvesting, and production and manufacturing system, is being accepted, and gladly preferred by farmers. The group of expert officials has tried to provide training, as well as tests for manufacturing and production officials, continually showing the use of agricultural machines in the agricultural production to farmers at the basis.

“According to statistics about agricultural machines and production tools in a report to a meeting to cover all work of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries in 2007-2008 and the goals for 2008-2009 for the Cambodian agriculture countrywide, there are approximately 4,475 tractors used, 34,639 “hand held tractors”, 131,702 water pumps, 395 harvesting machines, 8,036 threshing machines, and 38,680 paddy rice milling machines. This shows that more and more farmers understand mechanization and the importance of different uses of agricultural machines for their production in agriculture.

Farmers in the northeastern provinces of Cambodia said that they prefer to use agricultural machines, because they save more time than using traditional measures, such as ploughing by using cattle, or transporting by using ox-carts. Moreover, they do not have to care about food for their cattle, or to take care and to protect them from diseases, and after they have used the machines, they can do other tasks. In Cambodia, more and moe farmers prefer to use machines, since the government began reforms starting in 1987 by a widely open free market mechanism.

Most farmers produce to feed their families, some places began agricultural production for trading, because agricultural mechanization and other agricultural techniques were spread by experts into the agricultural system. Until 1987, only the state used agricultural machines, and agricultural officials organized programs to plough farmers’ land every year at the beginning of the rice planting season.

“Agricultural mechanization, which is being promoted by experts in the Cambodian agricultural production system, will become an important measure to increase agricultural productivity, and production will be more efficient, both in terms of the quantity and quality of production, and it will lead to greater productivity of paddy rice for food and for export.

Kampuchea Thmey, Vol.7, #1687, 8.7.2008

Witnesses in Shooting Under Protection

By Heng Reaksmey, VOA Khmer
Original report from Phnom Penh
08 July 2008

Two Cambodian witnesses to last week's border shooting are under protection at the office of Cambodia's counsel to Thailand's Sre Keo province, Foreign Minsiter Hor Namhong said Tuesday.

Both witnesses were members of a group attempting to cross the Thai border Thursday, officials said.

Other witnesses have described being shot at by a Thai border patrolman, resulting in the deaths of It On, 25, and Chea Phal, 6. Thai officials have denied the border patrol was involved, suspecting instead an encounter with human traffickers in a dangerous region.

One of the witnesses now under protection is a brother of victim It On, said Tim Sareth, deputy director of the Ministry of Interior's Cambodia-Thai coordination office, in Bantey Meanchey province.

The witnesses were moved from Thai police custody on Monday, said Net Sarey, counselor to Sre Keo, who is now looking after them.

The witnesses are under supervision, fed and protected, he told VOA Khmer Tuesday.

The two witnesses are cooperating with a Thai border police request for a sketch of the alleged shooter, Net Sarey said.

Ruling Party Passes on Corruption Debate

By Chun Sakada, VOA Khmer
Original report from Phnom Penh
08 July 2008

Officials of the ruling Cambodian People's Party declined to join 10 other parties in a political debate held Tuesday over long-awaited anti-corruption legislation.

The debate, held by the Committee for Free and Fair Elections, gathered leaders from all other political parties competing in the July 27 election and about 80 participants.

"The CPP did not join this forum because it is not very interesting for the CPP," government spokesman Khieu Kanharith said. Comfrel "is biased to the opposition parties and has a stance to oppose the CPP," he said.

"Let the people decide for the July 27 election," he said.

Licadho rights group founder Kek Galabru, who moderated the debate as a member of the Cambodian Human Rights Action Committee, said the forum was very interesting for political parties "and the voters."

"We very much regret that the CPP did not join the forum, because this was a good opportunity for all political parties to show voters how they can reduce corruption through the passage of the anti-corruption law," she said.

Representatives from the 10 parties promised Tuesday to pass in the first year an anti-corruption law that has been in the draft stage for at least a decade. They also promised a top-down sweep of corrupt officials.

"The current leaders have confused the people into thinking corruption is our tradition," Keat Sokun, a senior official of the Human Rights Party, said during the debate. "This is very wrong."

"I am trembling because of the Cambodian situation, where corruption is terrible," he said. "Corruption kills the entire nation."

Participants said they supported political platforms against corruption, but many were concerned the parties will not keep their promises or would be unable to fulfill them.

Singular Power Beating Democracy: Expert

By Sok Khemara, VOA Khmer
Washington
08 July 2008

The power of individuals has increased in recent years in Cambodia, but the power of the masses, democracy, has not, a leading researcher said Monday.

"Democracy is poor, but individual power is strong," said Lao Monghay, a senior researcher at the Asian Human Rights Commission, as a guest on "Hello VOA."

Much of the country's political power remained in the hands of Prime Minister Hun Sen, Lao Monghay said.

The recent arrest of an opposition newspaper editor, Dam Sith, and court actions against opposition leader Sam Rainsy attested to a dampening of freedoms, an increase of media restrictions, and the increased politicization of the courts, he said.

"The lack of a rule of law weakens democracy and there is no progress," he said. "Through training from NGOs, the media and other forums, people understand democracy, but most important is, how can they have the freedom to address it?"

PEC Warns Official on Campaign Violation

By Mean Veasna, VOA Khmer
Original report from Phnom Penh
08 July 2008

The Kampot provincial election committee warned Tuesday a high-ranking ruling Cambodian People's Party official not to use military vehicles during election campaigning.

The warning was a result of a dispute between Sam Rainsy Party Kampot candidate Mu Sochua and San Sman, Kampot's deputy secretary-general and chief of the Kampong Trach district border crossing.

Mu Sochua alleged San Sman had traveled in a four-wheel drive military vehicle bearing a CPP campaign sign on both sides, five days into the campaign period.

"We warned him, referring to the provincial headquarter administration, and to the Ministry of Interior, that he must not use any more for the campaign the vehicle," said Te Chinarith, head of the PEC, who presided over Tuesday's hearing. "If he abuses this, he will be fined 5 million riel (about $1,250) and ban him from voting for 10 years."

Sam Sman applauded the ruling, but Mu Sochua was not satisfied with the decision.

"What the CPP official has done is too serious, and he must not merit such a warning," she said. "He should be prevented from voting."

The PEC decision was biased toward the CPP, which would impact the election, she said, adding that she planned to appeal the ruling to the National Election Committee.

Te Chinarith rejected the accusation.

Cambodia: Cambodians Celebrate World Heritage Status For Disputed Temple

A Cambodian woman holds banner reading "Celebrate, the Preah Vihear temple is a World Heritage Site", as she waves a national flags at a central market in Phnom Penh July 8, 2008. The World Heritage committee meeting in Canada has approved Cambodia's application to list the 11th century Preah Vihear temple as a World Heritage site.REUTERS/Chor Sokunthea (CAMBODIA)


Hundreds of Cambodians wave national flags during a celebration at a central market in Phnom Penh July 8, 2008. The World Heritage committee meeting in Canada has approved Cambodia's application to list the 11th century Preah Vihear temple as a World Heritage site.REUTERS/Chor Sokunthea (CAMBODIA)


People wave national flags at the central market in Phnom Penh on July 8 as they celebrate the inclusion of Preah Vihear temple by UN cultural agency Unesco to World Heritage. A Hindu temple in Cambodia, two historic Malaysian trading towns and an early agricultural site from Papua New Guinea were added to UNESCO's World Heritage List on July 7.(AFP/Tang Chhin Sothy)


Cambodians celebrate Cambodia's famed Preah Vihear temple enlisted as a World Heritage site during a rally in the capital Phnom Penh, Tuesday, July 8, 2008. Many Cambodians took to the street Tuesday to celebrate their country's success to have the 11th-century Hindu temple enlisted as a world heritage site despite recent protest by opposition groups in neighboring Thailand.(AP Photo/Heng Sinith)

MySinchew 2008.07.08

PHNOM PENH, CAMBODIA: Cambodians celebrated in the streets Tuesday (8 July) over their country's success in having an 11th century Hindu temple named a world heritage landmark despite objections in neighboring Thailand, which claims territory around the site.

Thousands danced, sang and waved Cambodian flags, chanting "Long live Preah Vihear temple!" in response to news that UNESCO had granted the temple World Heritage Site status.

"This is a very auspicious day for us. We're very delighted," said Ti Vansi, a medical student who joined his peers in skipping class to hold a celebration rally.

In a statement Tuesday, Prime Minister Hun Sen called the temple's designation "a new pride for the people of Cambodia."

UNESCO spokeswoman Joanna Sullivan said Monday (7 July) the temple was designated a heritage site at a meeting in Quebec City.

The site of the building, which lies along the disputed Thai-Cambodian border, has long been a point of contention between the two Asian neighbors.

In 1962, the International Court of Justice awarded the temple and the land it occupies to Cambodia, a decision that still rankles Thais even though the temple is culturally Cambodian, sharing the Hindu-influenced style of the more famous Angkor Wat in northwestern Cambodia.
Cambodia started seeking the status for the temple in 2001, hoping for the influx of tourism and international funding that normally accompanies the designation. In the past, Thailand has vetoed its neighbor's submissions amid fears the status would include disputed land along the border.

But in May, Thai Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej's government bypassed the Parliament and endorsed Cambodia's application. Thai critics have accused him of violating the country's sovereignty, and the government withdrew its support late last month.

Cambodian Foreign Minister Hor Namhong has accused Thai opposition politicians of exploiting the cross-border dispute to advance their own domestic political agenda and warned they might endanger bilateral relations.

Tensions along the border boiled over last month when protesters threatened to evict Cambodians living in the disputed territory. Cambodia responded by closing access to the temple.

The successful inscription of Preah Vihear temple "resulted from a very long and complicated process and negotiations," Hun Sen said in his statement.

In a reassurance to Thailand, he added the temple's inscription "does not affect" the negotiations to resolve problems of the border line between the two nations.

(By SOPHENG CHEANG/ AP)

Former Thai PM Thaksin goes on trial for corruption

Thaksin Shinawatra could be jailed for up to 13 years


Thai police monitor an anti-government protest in Bangkok
BANGKOK (AFP) — Thailand put billionaire former premier Thaksin Shinawatra on trial for corruption on Tuesday, almost two years after he was toppled from power in a military coup.

Thaksin and his wife Pojaman -- loved by the poor and loathed by the Bangkok elite -- were not on hand at the Supreme Court for the opening of a legal saga that could put them behind bars for 13 years.

The case is only one of many being launched against Thaksin and his allies, and threatens to bog down a new government -- led by Thaksin loyalists -- which suffered two legal defeats Tuesday on top of ongoing mass street protests.

The Supreme Court is considering whether Thaksin, a self-made tycoon who now owns English football side Manchester City, illegally arranged for his wife to buy a prime chunk of Bangkok real estate for just one-third its appraised value.

"We are confident that our evidence will be enough to prove in the court that Thaksin and his wife are not guilty," their lawyer Anek Khamchum told AFP.

Thaksin was ousted from power by royalist generals in the military, who accused him of widespread corruption, undermining the nation's democracy and insulting Thailand's revered king.

Hearings will last two months. Because it is the Supreme Court, however, Thaksin and his wife would have no avenue of appeal -- and they have already suffered several setbacks.

Three of his top lawyers were jailed last month over claims they tried to bribe a judge, more than two billion dollars of his assets have been frozen, and he was recently blocked from leaving the country.

Thailand's judges meanwhile ruled on two other cases Tuesday that touched on his close supporters -- including current Prime Minister Samak Sundaravej.

At the Constitutional Court, judges ruled that Samak's government had wrongly signed an agreement to back efforts by neighbouring Cambodia to win UN recognition for a 900-year-old temple on the border.

The court said any matters dealing with the border required parliamentary approval, which was never sought.

The ruling opens the door to impeachment proceedings against the entire cabinet.

Agriculture Minister Somsak Prissanananthakul told reporters after the weekly cabinet meeting that Samak was not worried by the ruling.

"The prime minister said he will let justice take its course. He is not worried at all," Somsak said.
But Wiszanu Boonmarat of Burapha University said the verdict would add to the pressure on the government for either new elections or top-level resignations.

"There is no alternative to taking political responsibility. This is the country's highest law," he said. "The government no longer has political legitimacy."

Later Tuesday, the Supreme Court found the former speaker of parliament, Yongyut Tiyapairat, guilty of vote fraud, stripping him of his office and banning him from politics for five years.

The ruling paves the way for a criminal investigation that could eventually implicate the entire ruling party and force new elections.

The cases add to the problems already faced by Samak.

He survived a vote of no confidence last month, but remains the target of protests that have taken to the streets every day for seven weeks.

Activists from the so-called People's Alliance for Democracy want Samak to resign, accusing him of acting as a puppet for Thaksin.

They also want to abolish most elections for parliament, making 70 percent of lawmakers appointed to their posts.

SBI Holdings to Open Bank in Cambodia

Tokyo, July 8, 2008 (Jiji Press) - SBI Holdings Inc. <8473>, a Japanese financial services conglomerate, will open a bank in Cambodia as early as September as part of its efforts to expand operations in emerging Asian economies, sources familiar with the situation said Tuesday.

The company will join hands with a partner bank in South Korea to set up the lender in Phnom Penh, the sources told Jiji Press.

The new bank will focus on financing to foreign companies operating in Cambodia.

In Vietnam, SBI Holdings will select a partner as early as next month to offer online brokerage services targeting individual investors. The company is also considering starting a brokerage business in India.

In addition, SBI Holdings hopes to set up an Islamic bank, or a Sharia-compliant lender, to win customers in oil-rich Middle Eastern countries.

Yoshitaka Kitao, chief executive of SBI Holdings, said he hopes to open a bank with partners in Abu Dhabi and Saudi Arabia.

By Jiji Press, (c) Jiji Press

Regretfully, groom says: I do, I do

Saily Dispath Online
2008/07/08

A CAMBODIAN man who could not decide between his current and ex-girlfriend “regretfully” married them both at once.

Yesterday the Khmer-language Koh Santepheap daily featured a front-page picture of the dual ceremony with Bou Samanak, 28, flanked by beautiful brides Ly Nary, 21, and Choy Chanthu, 20, at Sunday’s wedding .

“This is my unfortunate destiny,” the paper quoted Samanak as saying. “Although I am happy to take both, my life now will be one of a lot of hard work to keep them happy.”

Although the marriage technically flouts Cambodia’s bigamy law, police require a complaint to take action and both women reportedly agreed they would not file one. No family members of either bride attended the ceremony, the newspaper said. — Sapa-DPA

Thai Court rules FM in breach of constitution

www.chinaview.cn
2008-07-08

BANGKOK, July 8 (Xinhua) -- Thailand's Constitution Court ruled Tuesday that Foreign Minister Noppadon Pattama violated the Constitution by signing a joint communique with Cambodia concerning the latter's bid to list Preah Vihear temple as World Heritage Site without parliamentary endorsement.

A nine-judge panel voted 8-1 to rule that the Thai-Cambodian Joint Communique signed by Noppadon and Cambodian Deputy Prime Minister Sok An on June 18 is regarded as an international treaty under the Constitution's Article 190 and needed parliamentary endorsement prior to any signing, according to Thai News Agency.

Article 190 stipulates that any treaty which affect the social and economic benefits of Thailand as well as the integrity of Thai borders to be subject to parliamentary scrutiny before signing.

The joint communique stated Thai government's support to Cambodia's bid to list the temple as a World Heritage Site, followed a cabinet resolution one day earlier that endorsed a new map of the temple prepared by Cambodia.

The court's decision came just one day after the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization( UNESCO) World Heritage Committee approved Cambodia's application to list the centuries-old Khmer-style Hindu temple as a World Heritage site at a meeting in Quebec, Canada, on Monday.

Thailand's national World Heritage Committee chairman Pongpol Adireksan, present at the meeting as an observer, said the temple listing would not affect on the border demarcation between Thailand and Cambodia.

The temple issue has triggered a hot debate in Thailand amid a political campaign of the opposition Democrat party and the civil anti-government coalition People's Alliance for Democracy (PAD) denouncing the four-month-old government led by prime minister Samak Sundaravej.

The Phnom Penh temple, with a history of more than 10 centuries, has long been an issue of dispute between the two countries, both having historically claimed ownership.

The International Court of Justice in 1962 ruled that the temple belonged to Cambodia, but the only practical access by land to the temple, which stands atop a cliff, remains to be from the Thai side of the border in Thailand's northeastern province Si Sa Ket.

Both Samak and Noppadon faced heavy criticism for endorsing Thailand's support for Cambodia's bid, as opponents said that it could undermine Thailand's national interest in future border demarcation in overlapping areas near the Preah Vihear temple.

Noppadon left for Quebec on Saturday to explain to the World Heritage Committee about Thai government's withdrawal of support for Cambodia's bid, after Thailand's Administrative Court on June 28 issued an injunction ordering suspension of government moves to endorse support at a petition by the PAD.

Editor: Bi Mingxin

No peace at the temple

A Cambodian woman lays her eyes on the Preah Vihear temple. Academics have suggested that urgent steps be taken to settle the temple border dispute.

Pongpol Adireksarn, head of the Thai national world heritage committee meets a group of protesters rallying against Thailand's support of the Preah Vihear temple's listing during the World Heritage Committee's meeting in Quebec, Canada.

Cambodian soldiers stand guard in front of a gate on the Cambodian-Thai border in Preah Vihear province.
The Bangkok Post

Scholars and historians are urging people on both sides of the border to take a calm and peaceful approach to the row that has erupted over the bid to get the ancient Preah Vihear temple listed as a World Heritage site

Piyaporn Wongruang

More and more Thai people have been gathering near the Cambodian border, trying to exert pressure over the proposed listing of the Preah Vihear temple as a World Heritage site.

In Bangkok, the issue has been heating up and has been picked up by critics of the government and the anti-government group the People's Alliance for Democracy, who have accused the administration of trying to exchange Thailand's support for the listing for future economic benefits in Cambodia for cronies of the Thai government.

And in the hearts of many Thais, there has been frustration and dissatisfaction, which has ignited fear and hatred towards their neighbour.

What will result from the success or failure of the Cambodian bid is a question several scholars have been trying to answer.

"The current situation is highly charged. What is most feared is not violence in Cambodia, but here, in Bangkok," said Surachart Bamrungsuk, a noted political scientist specialising in national security issues at Chulalongkorn University.

For Mr Surachart, who has studied national security issues for more than two decades, the issue of the Preah Vihear listing is challenging the mindset of Thai people as well as their neighbours over their unsettled boundaries.

The two countries have not settled on where the borderline should run near the temple.

The frontier with Cambodia is 798 kilometres long. And part of it involves the controversial overlapping territory, including the site around Preah Vihear with at least 4.6 square kilometres of disputed territory.

Originally, there were no borders or boundaries around Preah Vihear. According to some scholars, including noted historian Srisakra Vallibhotama, people in mainland Southeast Asia did not recognise territory based on boundary lines. They accepted symbols which mainly were landmarks relating to spiritual power, the scholar added, and Preah Vihear's location was believed to match this concept.

The ancient temple was built on top of a headland over a steep cliff, which separates the Cambodian plains from the the Korat plateau in Thailand. But the border agreed in 1904 and 1907 between France, which ruled Cambodia at the time, and Thailand, changed the perception of territory over the sanctuary. Preah Vihear was built and promoted as one of the highest value sacred places, being worshiped by several of the ancient Khmer kings.

The International Council on Monuments and Sites, which evaluated new listings for the World Heritage Committee, described Preah Vihear as "an outstanding masterpiece of Khmer architecture. It is very 'pure' both in plan and in the details of its decoration", and the site of the temple and its environment today "represent a particularly significant example of the Khmer genius for adapting monuments to their environment".

The council's assessment reflects the temple's outstanding universal value, and it has thrown its weight behind listing it as a World Heritage site.

But the site was divided into separate territories in 1962 when the International Court of Justice handed down its verdict on the ownership of Preah Vihear.

The court's ruling stated that "the temple is situated in territory under the sovereignty of Cambodia", while its surrounding area is still contested by Thailand and Cambodia, with different boundary lines drawn over it.

In order to keep the integrity and value of the site, the controversy about the proposed listing of Preah Vihear should be managed with the right mindset, taking into account the unsettled boundaries between Thailand and Cambodia, scholars said.

Cambodia has proposed only the temple's structure be put on the World Heritage List, with Thailand trying to nominate the surrounding area separately.

Mr Surachart suggests both Thais and Cambodians find ways to overcome their past struggles over their unsettled boundaries so relations will not be damaged unnecessarily.

He recently proposed joint management in the form of either joint development areas or joint cultural development areas for Preah Vihear so the two countries could avoid clashing over their unsettled boundary. Preservation work for the site needs to be done, and when developed both countries should benefit.

"The disputed areas should be viewed as the property of all concerned because once you try to draw a line over them, there tends to be a winner and a loser, and no one wants to be a loser," he said. "A win-win situation is there for people."

Historian Mr Srisakra suggested that the people involved first understand the most important part in the Preah Vihear case is the integrity and universal value of the temple.

He said people should not push for the temple to be listed as a World Heritage site only because they want economic benefits. The real meaning of being a World Heritage site is that it helps reflect the world's civilisation, he added."Don't just look at short-term benefits and concentrate on keeping its physical property. The temple is actually a valuable cultural sphere that was once shared by people regardless of their races and nationalities," said Mr Srisakra.

US philanthropist brings chutzpah in his bid to help Cambodians

Bernie Krisher takes a hands-on approach to philanthropy with a Cambodian child outside the Intercontinental Hotel in Phnom Penh.Photo: Tibor Krausz / JTA

The Jerusalem Post
By TIBOR KRAUSZ / JTA
PHNOM PENH, Cambodia

Headquartered in an upper-floor lounge of the Intercontinental Hotel here, which he has turned into his command center, Bernie Krisher irons out the details of his latest charity projects for this nation's poorest children.

Things, however, aren't proceeding smoothly. An assistant tells him of foot dragging by intractable local bureaucrats over building permits for a new school.

Krisher will have none of it.

"I'm not going through this nonsense of red tape," snaps "Bernie the Pusher," as the Tokyo-based Brooklynite has been nicknamed for his can-do, never-say-die chutzpah. "I'm gonna break the law [and build anyway] because there's a higher law - helping people. I'll call [King] Sihanouk and [Prime Minister] Hun Sen if I must."

Krisher doesn't have to call. He is called and invited to the palace.

There Krisher is the guest of honor at a luncheon by King-Father Norodom Sihanouk, an old friend. Before massed ranks of court photographers and camera crews for Cambodian television, the diminutive elderly monarch thanks Krisher for his "precious friendship with Cambodia" and his myriad altruistic projects for the land's neediest.

Sihanouk then decorates the American Jew with Cambodia's highest honor - the medal of Grand Officier de l'Ordre royal du Cambodge.

The new school is built on schedule.

A half-hour drive from Phnom Penh, the Bright Future Kids' home boasts airy classrooms and a dormitory. It sits next door to another project initiated by Krisher: an orphanage for youngsters whose parents have died in the country's raging HIV/AIDS epidemic.

The Bright Future Kids program includes gifted but underprivileged secondary students from the remote provinces. In addition to their studies in Cambodia's national curriculum, the two dozen participants also learn English and computer skills.

"The single most important thing for Cambodians in overcoming poverty and the trauma of genocide is education," says Krisher, 76, a native of Germany who says he came to identify with long-suffering Cambodians through his own experience as a refugee from the Holocaust. "Most problems are fueled or exacerbated by hopelessness and ignorance."

During the Khmer Rouge's reign of terror between 1975 and 1979, as many as two million people died on Cambodia's "killing fields." Intellectuals, including teachers and doctors, were systematically eliminated, blighting the country's prospects for generations to come.

Three decades later, Cambodia remains one of Asia's poorest lands, where most citizens survive by subsistence farming, grueling manual labor or employment in sweatshops.

But Nhou Chorm wants to be "a teacher or a doctor."

The 16-year-old at Krisher's Bright Future Kids home comes from the Rattanakiri province in the mountainous hill-tribe region of the remote northeast, near the Laotian border. The literacy rate there is only about 25 percent.

Her parents scrape the hard earth for a living; Nhou is the only one of their six children to attend school.

Nhou began her studies at one of several schools built locally by Krisher in his "Put a Roof Over Their Head" initiative. He conceived the project nearly a decade ago during a visit to the provinces, where he saw children learning in groups. The older children taught the younger ones in the open under the shelter of banyan trees.

Krisher, a former Southeast Asia correspondent for Newsweek who publishes The Cambodia Daily - he's a trailblazer in the country for freedom of the press - has since helped build some 400 schools across the land.

The schools cost $25,000 each to build and are underwritten by individual donors from Japan to the United States. Many even have Internet connection thanks to the "Motoman" system that links villages through a network of satellites and mobile units transported on motorcycles.

Helped by a program with the Harvard Medical School, sick villagers living in far-flung communities with no access to health care can also benefit from modern diagnostic techniques and consultation with expert health professionals via satellite.

In bamboo and thatch hamlets without running water or electricity, more and more of Krisher's proteges can join the global village with donated computers powered by solar panels.

Enthused by her opportunity to study, Nhou explains in her halting, newly learned English that she read late into the night after long days working in the fields with her family by the light of homemade resin candles.

"Even the poorest kids in the boondocks of New York or Tel Aviv have far better opportunities than the smartest kids in rural Cambodia," Krisher says. "Many Cambodian kids are showing great promise, but their poverty prevents them from living up to their potential. All we need do is tap that potential and some may become a future prime minister, a Bill Gates or even another Einstein."

Though suffering from a heart condition, Krisher says he won't be slowing down.

"My head is bubbling with ideas," he says.

One is to enlist Israeli agronomists to help teach poor Cambodian farmers modern farming and water management techniques.

And there are plenty more schools yet to build.

RIGHTS-CAMBODIA: 'Killing Fields' Trials Set to Roll

Khmer Rouge leader leng Sary at hearings.

PHNOM PENH, Jul 8 (IPS) - After a complicated and sometimes fraught process of establishment lasting over two years, the international tribunal into the crimes committed by the Khmer Rouge may commence trials as early as September.

Kaing Guek Eav (also known as Duch), former head of the Khmer Rouge’s most infamous torture and detention centre, Tuol Sleng, will be the first of the five senior leaders of the former Maoist group, currently in custody, to stand trial.

The consensus is that as day-to-day head of the Tuol Sleng facility Duch’s culpability is clear, making his a fairly open-and-shut case.

Although tribunal staff caution it is hard to predict time frames, Duch’s trial is expected to run through the remainder of 2008 and possibly into early 2009.

The tribunal will then try the remaining four: Noun Chea or ‘Brother No 2’ as he was known in the Khmer Rouge hierarchy, former Democratic Kampuchea head of state Khieu Samphan, former foreign minister leng Sary, and his wife leng Thirith, the regime’s minister of social action.

"Although nothing has been decided it seems more likely they will be tried as a group," said tribunal public affairs chief Helen Jarvis. "They are being charged with policy level crimes they are all accused of being involved in."

All five are currently in detention on of charges war crimes and crimes against humanity for their alleged roles in the death by starvation, torture and murder of approximately 1.7 million Cambodians during their brief rule over the country between 1975 and early 1979.

The start of trials will go a long way to defusing ongoing criticisms particularly from Cambodians that the tribunal is too slow and unnecessarily bureaucratic.

Such criticisms have increased pressure on the tribunal to get the trials underway at the same time ensuring a fair and impartial process and being careful not to characterise the five defendants’ exercise of their right to appeal as ‘delays’.

The health of the five defendants is another pressure. All are old and many Cambodians fear they could die before they face justice.

"No one is ignoring it [the delays], but the problem is how to break through without losing the integrity of the judicial process," responded Jarvis.

"The lawyers talk about the international standard," said Youk Chhang, head of the Documentation Centre in Phnom Penh, a local non-governmental organisation (NGO) dedicated to studying and documenting the Khmer Rouge’s three and a half year rule.

"You might apply this in Bosnia where there is hostility from the local population and difficulty in accessing the accused. But here it is different. There is support from local people. You have all the evidence."

"This is not about the UN’s reputation. It is about the million of lives lost. It is about people wanting justice after 30 years."

"In comparison with other [war crimes] courts, by any measure we are making great progress," maintained Jarvis. "If anything, there is a certain picture of doom being painted from outside but I don’t feel that from inside."

Many observers, local and international, agree the tribunal has made considerable progress given the challenge of holding trials of this size and complexity in Cambodia rather than in a third country, as was initially demanded by the UN as a condition for its assistance.

The tribunal is a special chamber within the Cambodian court system. It comprises local and international judges and mainly uses Cambodia’s underdeveloped system of civil law.

"This is one reason everything takes so long," said Rupert Skilbeck, head of the tribunal’s Defence Support Section. "There is no clear legal process in Cambodia even for relatively simple cases, let alone for complex ones [like this]."

Many hope situating the court in Cambodia will result in a flow-on effect in terms of improvements to Cambodia’s legal process.

"We must have more objectives than just the trial of the Khmer Rouge leaders," said Sok Sam Ouen, head of the Cambodian Defenders Project, a legal aid NGO. "We need a model for a new court. Future leaders also need to be warned there is justice in Cambodia."

However, international human rights groups remain concerned the country’s underdeveloped judiciary and endemic levels of corruption could negatively influence the proceedings.

The clearest example of this, these groups claim, were allegations of serious flaws in hiring and other personnel practices, including even senior staff having to kickback part of their salaries to unnamed individuals.

Although a UN audit of the tribunal found no "conclusive evidence" of kickbacks, the allegations continue to dog the tribunal and, until recently, have been a barrier to donor funding.

"It is not a matter of whether corruption is bad," said Sara Colm, a Phnom Penh based senior researcher with Human Rights Watch. "The possibility that there is corruption in the court opens the door to political manipulation for what should be a squeaky clean process."

"The allegations were unspecified, unsourced and unsubstantiated and they remain so nearly two years down the track," is Jarvis’s response. "Some criticisms were made about aspects of the tribunal’s management. We have embraced these unreservedly and have made changes.

Although staff maintain that everything is on track for a September trial, the tribunal faces other challenges, including a financial shortfall of nearly 44 million US dollars under a revised budget that nearly doubles the amount of money sought from donors and the Cambodian government.

The tribunal’s administrators say they are confident of securing the funding.

The tribunal, held in Khmer, English and French, is struggling to deal with a major backlog of translation work.

"The problem is the sheer volume of information the prosecution has relied on that has not been translated," said Skilbeck. "If it is important enough to be used in the trial the defence lawyers should know what it says."

It is particularly acute in relation to material being translated from Khmer to French, a major issue for the Francophone legal teams representing Duch and Khieu Samphan.

"Only one per cent of the material they need has been translated into French," he said. "There is a real concern it could delay the trial."

Concerns have also been expressed about the tribunal’s procedures for witness, which Colm maintains are "very faulty".

"The UN takes care of witnesses while they are in the compound," she said. "Outside, it is under the control of the ministry of interior judicial police who are rights abusers themselves."

"We have in place a Witness and Expert Support Unit and take this issue very seriously," said Jarvis,

"Although the nature of the work limits what we can say in public about this, we can say it is more than just physical protection. It includes financial and legal support and counselling."