Wednesday, 14 October 2009

Lightning deaths on the rise in Cambodia


(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:03 Mom Kunthear and Tep Nimol

THE number of people killed by lightning in Cambodia is rising fast, according to new figures released Tuesday.

During the first eight months of this year, 138 people died, according to the National Committee for Disaster Management. Last year, 95 people were killed. The increase has been blamed on a lack of awareness in rural areas.

Most victims were people standing in open fields or sheltering under trees during electrical storms, said the committee’s spokesman, Keo Vy.

The second-biggest cause was using electrical appliances. “Although we cannot stop lightning, we can help reduce the dangers caused by it,” he said, emphasising the need to educate people living in rural areas about mitigating the risk of being hit by lightning.

With the power of 100 million volts of electricity, a lightning bolt can measure more than 8 kilometres in length and raise the temperature of the surrounding air to 27,700C. Victims typically suffer cardiac arrest and damage to the central nervous system when struck.

Airport in Sihanoukville due to open in November: govt



Photo by: SOVAN PHILONG
A Cambodia Angkor Airlines plane sits on the tarmac at Phnom Penh International Airport. The new airline is assessing its options over possible routes through Preah Sihanouk International Airport.

(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:03 May Kunmakara and Nathan Green

New national carrier Cambodia Angkor Air weighs possibility of charter flights to refurbished airport, aviation officials say

CAMBODIA’S PREAH Sihanouk International Airport is now expected to open to air traffic from November, with Cambodia’s national carrier slated to begin offering chartered services to Phnom Penh and Siem Reap from some time next month.

State Secretariat of Civil Aviation (SSCA) Secretary of State Mao Havannal said Tuesday that long-awaited upgrades to the coastal resort’s sole airport had been completed by Societe Concessionnaire des Aeroports (SCA), which also operates airports in Siem Reap and Phnom Penh. “I went to check all the technical equipment last Friday,” he said. “Everything is in place and complies with international standards.”

SCA had confirmed it was on track for the launch, which was originally planned to coincide with the maiden flight of Cambodia Angkor Air (CAA) on July 27, but had not set a precise date, Mao Havannal said.

The airport operator had also confirmed the launch would be presided over by Prime Minister Hun Sen and top officials from France. The delayed launch was attributed to the wishes of SCA to have French Prime Minister Nicholas Sarkozy in attendance.

Soy Sokhan, SSCA undersecretary of state in charge of CAA, said the airline would initially launch chartered flights only from Sihanoukville, though it was examining the feasibility of establishing regular routes between the town and both Siem Reap and Phnom Penh.

“Firstly, we need to complete a market survey looking at the number of tourists, and contact with travel agents who book passengers on cruises to get an idea of potential demand,” he said.

SCA is due to announce its flight schedule for Phnom Penh, Siem Reap and Sihanouk international airports on October 21, according to a statement issued Tuesday.

Mao Havannal said Siem Reap Airways, which has been cleared by the government to take over domestic routes from its parent Bangkok Airways on October 25, had not been considered for a permit to fly from the airport as the firm has not registered any planes in Cambodia, a requirement for domestic operators to receive an Air Operator Certificate (AOC).

He also cast doubt on whether the airline would be ready to take over any routes from its parent on October 25.

“I don’t know for sure if Siem Reap Airways will be able to fly or not,” he said. “It depends on the airline because we have already confirmed with them that if they want to resume their operations, they need to register an airplane [in Cambodia]. It already completely complies with SSCA requirements and has satisfied concerns over its operations.”

The government decided last month not to renew a special permit issued to Bangkok Airways when Siem Reap Airways was grounded in controversial circumstances at the end of last year following an International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) audit of civil aviation standards in Cambodia. A full reason for the grounding has never been publicly released.

Siem Reap Airways General Manager Terry Alton said Tuesday the airline was in discussions with financiers about leasing a plane to fly the Siem Reap-Phnom Penh route and was hopeful of concluding an agreement.

“It could happen tomorrow, it could happen in a week, it could happen in a month,” he said.

No airplanes available
Alton added that Bangkok Airways did not have a spare plane to loan for registration in Cambodia, as required by Cambodian law.

Siem Reap Airlines has already put in its request for flight slots to SCA ahead of next week’s announcement, but it had not asked for routes through Sihanoukville, he said.

Bangkok Airways Deputy Manager of International Media Relations Ekkaphon Nanta O’Sot said that passengers booked on the Phnom Penh-Siem Reap route through Bangkok Airways will need to be transferred to CAA if Siem Reap Airways is not back in operation on that date.

High-end hotel slide continues


(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:03 JEREMY MULLINS

CAMBODIA’S high-end hotels have continued to suffer in recent months, managers said Tuesday, though some said they were optimistic of a pickup as the high season kicks in next month.

Sokha Beach Resort sales coordinator Vantaa In said his Sihanoukville hotel had seen occupancy rates of between 30 and 40 percent this autumn, a drop of about 10 percent on the same period last year during what is the low season.

“Our general manager … said business will suffer until October of next year,” he said.

Luxury hotels in Phnom Penh have suffered the same drop in occupancy, but representatives of the industry in the capital said they were more optimistic about the immediate future.

“We’re down to about 40 to 30 percent business,” Sorphorn Loeuk, sales manager at Hotel Cambodiana, said Tuesday. “It’s picking up a lot right now,” he said, adding “at the end of the month it will become busier”.

Cambodia’s main destination, Siem Reap, has suffered even more due to the global economic crisis, hotel managers said.

“Phnom Penh is better off than Siem Reap. People stay longer in Phnom Penh,” said Kham Serey Chantha of Pacific Hotel, which has branches in the capital and Siem Reap. “The number of Japanese guests is decreasing, and Europeans are not increasing. The Asian market is all that’s left.”

That means this high season will be worse than last year, said Greg Anderson, general manager of Le Meridien Angkor hotel in Siem Reap.

“The fourth quarter is not going to be the fourth quarter of 2008,” he said.

Besides the financial crisis, swine flu and the Thai border dispute had affected the sector, he added.

Most Cambodians still shop at markets, survey discovers



Photo by: Heng Chivoan
Checkout workers wait for customers at Phnom Penh’s City Mall last month. Most Cambodians still do the bulk of their shopping in traditional markets, a survey said Tuesday.

MARKET majority


Retail format most often used for shopping:


Traditional markets - 37pc
Local shops - 28pc
Street vendors - 18pc
Shopping centres - 7pc
Supermarkets - 8pc

Source: Indochina Resource

(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:02 Nathan Green

New data show that the Kingdom’s new supermarkets and shopping centres still have a lot of work to do to entice shoppers away from traditional markets.

MODERN retail shopping centres have sprung up recently in Phnom Penh, leading to tight competition for customers at a time when discretionary spending is under pressure from the global economic crisis.

But according to the results of a survey released Tuesday by Indochina Research, the toughest battle the city’s malls are facing is in luring consumers away from traditional markets.

Although the survey shows that almost 40 percent of Cambodia’s urbanites prefer to shop in modern-format shopping centres and supermarkets, just 15 percent cited them as the place they most often shopped. In contrast, 65 percent cited traditional markets, convenience stores and neighbourhood shops as the place they made the bulk of purchases.

“If you look at the data, the modern shopping centres still have a lot to do to attract consumers,” said Indochina Research General Manager Laurent Notin.

The survey was part of the market research company’s quarterly regional I-TRAK survey. It questioned 600 key household-purchase decision makers aged 21 and over in Phnom Penh, Vientiane, and Vietnam’s two major cities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City.

Notin said the research indicated that consumers in Cambodia were beginning to change shopping habits in favour of modern retail options, but that convenience stores were reaping the benefits over shopping centres and supermarkets.

“The perceptions among consumers are that supermarkets are more expensive than convenience stores and traditional markets,” he said, adding that the company did not have a price index to determine the accuracy of the perception.

But findings from Vietnam, where 56 percent of those surveyed made the bulk of their purchases in shopping malls and supermarkets, gave hope for the modern format in Cambodia, Notin said.

“In Vietnam, supermarkets are bigger and provide everything under one roof,” he said. “Here in Cambodia, where it is the traditional markets that are known for having everything under one roof, we are far from that point. [The Vietnam findings show] there is still a lot to achieve in being more modern and attracting more people.”

Lee Hsieh Yu, whose Taiwanese firm Fu Yang Investment owns the four-storey City Mall Shopping Centre recently opened next to Phnom Penh’s Olympic Stadium, said the findings were not a surprise, but that he was confident that Cambodians would increasingly embrace the modern retail format if mall and store owners got the recipe right.

“We have promotions every month and we work with shop owners to improve their offerings,” he said, adding that goods had to be priced right and then discounts offered judiciously to attract customers. He also said it was important retailers improved the range of products on offer.

Home-grown favourites
The survey also looked at preferences for locally produced and imported products. Cambodian respondents showed the clearest preference for home-grown food and beverage goods with 58 percent preferring to buy local goods, compared with 52 percent in Vietnam and 44 percent in Laos. The numbers dropped to 54 percent preference for locally made personal-care products among Cambodian respondents and just 41 percent for durable goods, reflecting the paucity of decent-quality goods produced locally.

“It’s a good sign. There seems to be the space for local brands, but there aren’t a lot of local products now,” Notin said. “Vietnam has a lot more local brands, but here you can almost count them on one hand.”

ACLEDA profits up 73pc in Q3


(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:02 Nguon Sovan

ACLEDA Bank recorded a 72.79 percent rise in profits between June and September quarter-on-quarter, a report by the lender said Tuesday, marking a recovery after a fall of 54 percent in the second quarter.

The financial report showed profits after tax hit US$2.32 million, up from $1.34 million in the second quarter.

“In the second quarter, profit was down due to … the non-performing loan rate, but in the third quarter, the NPL rate dropped, so profit is up again,” So Phonnary, executive vice president and chief of operations officer at ACLEDA Bank, said Tuesday.

She added that the NPL ratio dropped to 1.3 percent at the end of September from 1.6 percent at the end of June.

“Some of the NPLs have been recovered – that’s the reason for the rise in profit,” said So Phonnary. “We expect that the NPL ratio will drop to less than 1 percent in the fourth quarter because now everything is going to recover, but just slightly.”

Total profit for the first nine months was $6.578 million, Tuesday’s report showed, meaning it is unlikely that ACLEDA will match the $19.4 million it made over the whole of last year.

“It was the best year for the bank’s profits in 2008, but this year we expect … only around $10 million for the whole year,” said So Phonnary.

No other Cambodian banks disclosed financial results for the third quarter; however, Stephen Higgins, CEO of ANZ Royal, said revenues during the period marked a major improvement on the first quarter.

“Revenues in the September quarter were up nearly 25 percent on the January quarter, which was probably the low point in terms of performance,” he said, adding that annual revenues were likely “to be up high single digits, to maybe low double digits” year-on-year.

This is “quite a good performance in the context of the severe economic downturn that hit Cambodia late last year”, Higgins added.

ADDITIONAL REPORTING BY NATHAN GREEN

Designing a high-end business model to survive crisis



Photo by: Sovan Philong
Design Group art director Sok Kong works on his latest design Tuesday.

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We are not getting small business, we are getting big business.... We are the most expensive in town.
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(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:02 Jeremy Mullins and Soeun Say

Although many firms have cut design outsourcing, Design Group has carved out a niche market.

OVER more than a decade in Cambodia, Design Group (DG) has established itself as a leading graphic design company, creating appealing layouts and printed products for some of the country’s premier clients.

Founded in 1996 by Richard McDonough, a British national, the Phnom Penh-based mid-sized agency has developed an impressive list of customers, ranging from Metro Cafe to Foster’s beer, the FCC, the World Bank and the Khmer Rouge tribunal.

DG art director Sok Kong said the key to the company’s success was that it focused on the needs of the end user, not just the perceived needs of DG’s clients.

He said the first step in any design job was to meet the clients to discover what they were trying to say, and, most importantly, who they were trying to say it to.

As an example, he talked about the challenges of printing T-shirts for ABC Radio Australia during the Water Festival. The firm asked for medium-sized T-shirts for their advertisements, but initially failed to realise that an Australian medium-sized shirt and a Cambodian one were considerably different in size.

“For some Cambodians, the T-shirt reaches below their bottoms, and you can’t see the advertising on the bottom of the T-shirt,” Sok Kong said.

He added that the global financial crisis has resulted in around a 10 percent reduction in business over the last year, but that the smaller clients appeared to have taken the hardest hit.

“We are not getting small business, we are getting big business,” he said. “[The small businesses] only think of cost. We are the most expensive in town. Big companies are looking for a strong company they can believe in.”

Business from NGOs has also remained fairly constant despite the financial crisis, he added.

The professionalism and creativity of DG’s staff enables them to charge top dollar without losing key clients, Sok Kong said. “We compete with newer local design agencies of the same size as us. They are cheaper advertising agencies, but customers come back because they get what they want from here.”

Clients tend to provide the raw materials for the print jobs, such as pictures, logos and text, from which DG creates three unique drafts of the product for the client to choose from, he added.

The design agency is staffed by two expats, who tend to focus on work for foreign clients, and eight Cambodians, who work on projects for both Cambodian and foreign organisations.

“Some clients are owned by foreigners, and the design has to be done for foreigner’s specifications,” he said. “If it’s a Cambodian company, we do it for what Cambodians like.”

The salary for DG’s Cambodian staff ranges from US$300 to $700 per month. They were mostly drawn from technology graduates of the Vocational Training Centre of Battambang, many of them starting their careers at DG as interns.

Generally designing products in English and Khmer, DG has also worked with creating merchandise for firms in Vietnamese, French, Laotian, Thai, and Chinese.

“The most difficult is Chinese,” Sok Kong said. “If you change one little part then the whole meaning is changed.”

Like other Cambodian businesses, DG remains content to weather the financial storm for the next year or two. Sok Kong said he would like to see the business grow to hire more foreign-trained designers and expand to different media, specifically to develop television commercials. But he says these goals are probably several years away.

For now, Sok Kong says he is content to watch as DG designs and creates graphic products for some of Cambodia’s premier companies and organisations.

Bringing teachers back home



Photo by: TRACEY SHELTON
Young students standing by their classroom window at Wat Botum.

(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:01 Colin Meyn

THERE is a teacher drain from Cambodia’s rural countryside to Phnom Penh and other urban centres. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports is trying to stop it with various initiatives and policies, but unless economic opportunities in the Kingdom’s more remote areas are improved, the flight of educators to the city will continue.

The lack of teachers is a national problem, with one teacher for every 41 students in the Kingdom, but the shortage is particularly severe in rural and remote areas, where there is one teacher for every 50 students. “Ideally, we would have 40 students per class, but now we have some classes with 65 students because we can’t get more teachers at our school,” said Phan Sophea, a secondary school principal in Kandal province.

The situation differs in each province, but as you move away from the town centres there is a widespread drop in educational performance. “In Preah Vihear town we have many students and schools for them to go to, but sometimes at schools in more remote areas we have to find untrained members of the community to teach,” said Ouk Boreyrun, provincial education director for Preah Vihear province.

We want more
The Cambodian Independent Teachers Association (CITA), which counts its members at 3,900, has been lobbying for a raise in teachers’ salaries since its inception in 2001. Despite the government’s measures of increasing teachers’ salaries by 20 percent each year, Rong Chhun, the president of CITA, says that salaries are not high enough for teachers in remote areas to maintain a decent living.

“They work for four hours a day as public school teachers, and then there is no other opportunity for income. They can’t feed their family on US$35 to $45 a month,” he said. “In Phnom Penh there are many opportunities for extra work and study. If they want to get teachers to go to the rural areas, they need to compensate them somehow.”

At a CITA teachers rally in Phnom Penh on October 5 that coincided with World Teachers Day, 250 educators from 15 provinces demanded a salary increase to 1 million riels (US$244) per month. “When our stomachs are hungry, we cannot teach because we have no power; the government should pay more attention to improving teachers’ lifestyles,” said Phat Theavy, representing teachers from Prey Veng.


Photo by: Colin Meyn
Moeun Saron with her students at Norodom Primary.

At a press conference later that day, ministry officials said that calls for an improved standard of living for provincial teachers have not gone unheard, but that paying teachers 1 million riels a month is unfounded when compared to changes in the economy. According to Thaong Borath, director of the Education Ministry’s Department of Personnel Affairs, payments of between $10 and $15 were given to some 25,454 teachers in remote areas to compensate them for the inaccessibility of their work location. The ministry has also instituted programmes to encourage Teacher Training Centre graduates to head back to their homeland.

Going home for good
Through a partnership with the United States Education Programme (USEP), 300 new teachers have been placed in remote primary schools in Mondulkiri, Kampong Cham and Kratie provinces in the last two years through the 9+2 program. USEP located candidates in lower secondary school (7-9 grade) and provided financial support and tutoring for students to finish grade 9 and attend teacher training colleges. In return, the young educators promised to return to teach at their childhood primary school.

Also beginning this year, teachers who commit to working in Cambodia’s remote areas will not have to wait to become full-fledged teachers and receive their full salaries, as do most graduates of the training centres, who wait seven to 12 months for a salary.

“Many of our students are going to the provinces because they can get their salary seven months earlier than if they stay in Phnom Penh,” said Dr Im Koch, director of the National Institute of Education in Phnom Penh.

The government provides full financial support for students to study at training centres, requiring two years of methodology training for primary school teachers and a year of study at the national institute and a specialised degree for secondary school teachers at public schools.
In return, teachers must return to their home provinces to teach for two years.

Teachers wanted for hire
During his inauguration speech at the new Pursat High School, Im Sethy, Cambodia’s minister of education, youth and sport said Cambodia was in need of 5,000 new teachers.

The ministry wouldn’t say where these teachers will come from, but perhaps a better question is, where will they go.

“Cambodia has enough teachers for all of its students,” explained Rong Chhun.

“The government just needs to find a way to spread them out equally across the country.” Additional reporting by Tep Nimol

Schooled for success in the national exams


(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:01 Mom Kunthear

Government officials honor 66 of the nation’s top achievers

Sixty-six students recently received awards from the Phnom Penh governor for outstanding performance on the national exam. The ceremony was held on September 29 at the Wat Koh High School.

Chea Cheath, director of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, said that students from ninth to 12th grade and from all provinces competed, with the highest scores selected from the cohort.

There are three key subjects in which all participating students are evaluated – Khmer literature, mathematics and physics.

“It is a good example for the other students to be encouraged, that they also wish to excel and be outstanding. The results that they have are because of their hard work, and not due to sheer luck,” Chea Cheat said during the awards delivery.

He emphasised that these students were productive and diligent, not frittering away their time, but using it to read a variety of books and absorb knowledge from their teachers.

“Teachers and students’ parents should push their students and children to study harder, so as to be honourable to their schools, family and at a community and national level,” said Chea Cheat.

According to Kep Chuktema, the Phnom Penh governor, this was the ninth time an awards ceremony was delivered, recognising academic excellence of outstanding students.

“They are valuable as good human resources, and in the future they can become leaders important to developing our country.

Knowledge is vital for the development of the nation, Kep Chuktema added. “Students today are fortunate to have the knowledge accessible at their fingertips as they can use the Internet and other equipment or resources to check information that they require.”

Ron Evaraly, a representative from the cohort of outstanding students, said that success was not difficult for her as long as she put her best foot forward.

Evaraly added, “I am happy with my results, but I don’t get smug or too sure of myself and forget to try harder with my next effort. I want to prove to neighbouring countries and the world that Cambodian students are not weak.”

I want to study at CAMD Technology Institute





Nos Sles:


The director of CAMD technology Institute said, “I notice that most students at present have chances to pursue their studies at university level. This trend, especially for female students, is due to the understanding of parents about the value of studying. The Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport is also working hard to improve the education quality at university level.”
 
 
 
 

Tam Sokry:


Twenty-one-year-old student Tak Sokry, who finished his studies at CAMD Technology Institute early this year, said, “Even though they are just short courses, they are good for me because I can use them as a bridge to go to university. What I really like about the institute is that all teachers are knowledgeable and have experience in teaching.
 
 
 
 
 
(Post by CAAI News Media)
 
Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:01 Mom Kunthear

What does the institute offer?
CAMD Technology Institute is managed by the Cambodian Muslim Development Foundation Organisation. CAMD initially was not set up as a school but began as a hostel for high school students from the provinces.

In 2002, some 10 Muslim students came to study in CAMD.Later in 2003, the enrolment of both Khmer and Muslim students increased significantly. CAMD Technology Institute offers courses such as general English programmes and computer skills because most students who come from the provinces are weak in those areas and have difficulty committing to university classes. Classes are available in morning, afternoon and evening shifts.

Management
Nos Sles became the director of the institute in 2002. He has two degrees in teaching and business. He also holds the position of secretary of state at the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports.

Teachers
Whether they are teaching English language or computer skills, teachers must possess three years of experience in teaching.
Shortlisted teachers have to prove their competency in writing, speaking and teaching tests before being deemed fit to teach at CAMD Technology Institute.

Enrolment
The institute now has nearly a 100 students, and a few hundred satisfied students who have successfully completed courses the institute offers.
Students have to demonstrate an adequate knowledge of English before they can be admitted into the institute. Students are only allowed to take short courses, which typically last from four to six months.

Fees, scholarship and awards
Students are not required to pay formal school fees here, but have to pay US$5 per course for the use of teaching aids, documents and teaching materials to support the living condition of teachers.

The institute also receives support from the Cambodian Muslim Development Foundation. CAMD Technology does not offer scholarships.

Achievements
Seventy-five percent of the students who completed courses at CAMD Technology Institute have successfully secured employment or are qualified to find it.

Some students choose to take on internship positions at NGOs or other establishments.
Outstanding students also have the privilege of working at the institute or taking part in field trips and excursions.

Prospect
The institute plans to build newer and larger premises so it can admit more students.

Contact
#116D, Russian Confederation
Boulevard
Tel: 012 444 996 / 023 880 616

Biggest test still lies ahead for physics prodigy



Photo by: UNG KIM OAN
Cambodian youth Doung Dyraden (left) will represent his country in an international competition for young physicists in Iran this October 17 to 26.

(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:01 Ung Kim Oan

AHUGE feat, both in the academic and international arena, awaits Doung Dyraden at the end of this month.

The 17-year-old student of Baktouk high school says he takes it in his stride; as compared to his initial astonishment when he bagged first place in the recent National Grade 12 Physics Contest.

Doung Dyraden felt the pressure of competition against the top budding scientists from high schools throughout the country, but is now brimming with confidence and determination.

Doung Dyraden will compete against young physicists from all over the world in a contest known as the International Olympiad in Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA). This is the third IOAA, and will take place in Iran from October 17 to 26, and Doung Dyraden is determined to do his country proud.

“For this wonderful contest, the government has offered special training for me and four other candidates.” he said. “The training focuses on our planet Earth and is running from July until October.”

The IOAA competition will certainly be Doung Dyraden’s biggest challenge yet. He adds excitedly, “I aim to succeed in Iran because I understand most of the challenging lessons and am well-equipped with knowledge, heading into the competition.” Doung Dyraden’s story is one of hard work, commitment and, of course, a good deal of natural talent.

Digesting knowledge derived only from teachers at school was never sufficient for Doung Dyraden.

He sets aside three to four hours per night for studying at home, in order to memorise the lessons, carry out research and do extra exercises, which are extended from his lessons.

However, he admits he is afraid of problems that may arise from neglecting his health while studying.

“Knowledge can bring money and is an invaluable property in life. Everyone should try to study hard, but we need to keep ourselves healthy too,” Doung Dyraden believes.

A friend of the physics whiz who goes by the name Bellin asserts that Doung Dyraden is a hardworking and helpful student. He often help his weaker classmates, by coaching them in lessons they may not have understood.

At other times, Doung Dyraden can be found checking the Internet to find out ways of applying for a scholarship to study abroad. The fruits of these labours paid off recently, when he was awarded a 10-day study tour in Japan.

Though Doung Dyraden is often busy with his studies, he still makes time to get involved in social work.

As a member of the Cambodian National Scout Association, Doung Dyraden says he is very happy to be given the opportunity to help less-fortunate Cambodian people.

“I was chosen by my teacher to inform other students about the importance of education.

“Also, on every holiday I am assigned to stand near the traffic lights and inform people about traffic law,” he says, beaming with pride.

“I want to be an engineer when I am older and hope I can use my skills to help the government to develop the country. I wish to have the chance to study engineering in Japan, and that is my next big goal after the IOAA.”

Doung Dyraden’s parents are proud of his achievements and hope he can repeat his victory on the global stage. Dyrada, Doung Dyraden’s father sums up his sentiments: “There were certainly a few tears when we heard that our child won the national contest and was going to represent the country at an international contest.”

Challenges crippling Cambodian education


Among students from the poorest 20 percent of the population, education costs represent 79 percent of their per capita non-food expenditure, according to a 2005 study by the Cambodian Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport and UNICEF. Though the government has steadily increased the education budget as a part of total government spending during to 12.4 percent in 2007, according to UNESCO, households, donors, and NGOs still provide much of total financing for education in Cambodia. According to the UNICEF study, there are some 113 organisations that support 223 education projects in Cambodia, at an estimated cost of US$225 million from 2003 to 2008. Efforts by the Cambodian government to improve education in the country should be recognised, but the work has been inconsistent and greeted with mixed results. So while literacy rates have increased from 62.8 percent in 1998 to 77.59 percent in 2008 (according to government census figures), there was little growth in adult literacy in the period from 2001 to 2006. And though school enrollment across all levels has also gone up, to 92 percent, completion rates are still low. DIANA SAW

(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:01 Diana Saw

Three decades after the darkest years of the civil war, the educational system in Cambodia continues to be plagued by bribery, cheating, low wages and funding, and expensive schools

Opinion
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By Diana Saw

Cambodia’s education system is plagued by a range of detrimental factors including an absence of suitably qualified or trained staff, rampant corruption and a lack of morale among low-paid teaching staff coupled with the high cost of schooling.

The starting salary for primary school teachers in the cities is US$30 per month. High school teachers are paid between $50 and $60. These low salary figures in state schools fail to attract quality educators, which has resulted in a vicious cycle of uninterested teachers and hapless students. Educators are saddled with the burden of inadequate resources and a shortage of schools and classrooms, particularly in rural areas, limiting the number of children with access to basic education. Schools often have to be content with poorly trained teachers and little government funding, resulting in insufficient teaching materials and poorly furnished school facilities.

Low compensation forces teachers to collect informal school fees from students, creating a barrier to education for poor children. To supplement their income, teachers offer extra, after-school classes for a fee. Often, teachers will withhold the standard syllabi during school hours, reserving them for the private classes, to place pressure on parents to pay the extra tuition. Students who cannot afford, or who refuse to pay, risk humiliation, failing their exams, repeating their grade or dropping out of school. Although collecting fees is officially banned by the Education Ministry, the practice remains widespread. According to the Times Higher Education Supplement, Cambodian students have long admitted that examinations go hand in hand with money. It still costs around US $2,000 or $3,000 for someone to get into a school of law.

Phnom Penh-based NGO Riverkids provides free education for children at risk of being trafficked. Founder Dale Edmonds describes a recent visit to a primary school that most of the children attend: “The bathrooms have been broken for a long time, and the director admitted that they had the funds to repair it, but they had kept them instead. We offered to repair the bathrooms in exchange for a discount on the unofficial daily school fees for our children, but they’d rather collect more bribes. The school is slowly falling apart, and the last time I saw the senior staff, I counted the number of gold rings on their hands.”

Wealthier parents more concerned with their child’s grades see an opportunity to exploit the system, offering to pay for school repairs or building projects, or giving gifts to teachers and principals in exchange for passes or high grades. Parents and others share their complaints over the customs that have been practised for years in this country – corruption that leads to poor delivery of real education.

Rong Chhun, president of the Cambodian Independent Teachers Association, has openly criticised the government over poor management and open corruption in education. Rong Chhun added that the trading of scores for cash has gone on openly since 2001, in which student scores from two semesters are added into their final examinations in the ninth and 12th grades.

Because of this growing corruption, there are a considerable number of undergraduate students who clearly do not deserve a place in the universities. Debby Adams teaches English to second- and third-year-level students at Cambodian Mekong University (CMU), a private institution. “One-third of my students can barely speak English,” she says. “Another third are extremely brilliant students who would excel in any country. My challenge is how to help these top students and not leave the others behind.”

It seems that often there is no incentive for students to study as hard as they should in order to pass their examinations. “There is a reluctance to fail students, as failing students mean dealing with confrontational parents who put the blame on the teacher. It also means extra remedial classes. It’s just easier to let them pass,” says Adams.

Impressive statistics [see sidebar] mask a grimmer reality. Academic credentials may not be closely linked to the laurels of political and economic success. However, the culture of corruption, underachievement and worthless paper qualifications is something Cambodia cannot afford or it risks the inevitability of its neighbouring countries’ pulling further ahead of it in development.
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Diana Saw manages Bloom Cambodia, aiming to build a successful social enterprise making trade fair through fair wages and fair prices. Bloom Cambodia makes consumer products such as rice bags with recycled materials

Cambodia as a player in education


(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:01 John O'leary

As Asian neighbours gain academic clout, the Kingdom must establish clear targets for itself

Opinion
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By John O'leary

Universities are set to play a key role in Cambodia’s economic development, national leadership and its move forward in globalisation.

Asian higher education is on the rise and looks set to take the global stage. Global university rankings show this growth, and even the European Union’s education commissioner says the famous names that dominate such exercises should look to their laurels if they are not to be overtaken by the tigers from the East.

But these plaudits apply to a relatively small proportion of universities in relatively few countries. Although spending on higher education has been rising sharply, with 10 percent growth in student numbers each year in East Asia, the poorer countries risk being left behind.

The first Asian university rankings, which were published by QS earlier this year, were dominated by Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and China. There were no universities in the top 200 from Cambodia, Vietnam or Laos, and even Thailand had only three representatives in the top 100.

Higher education has become more of a international phenomenon, with millions of students crossing borders to take a degree, universities (both public and private) establishing campuses in other countries, and global networks springing up to promote collaboration in research. Governments are desperate to have universities that are “players” in this new world, which they see as vital to prosperity as a knowledge economy.

So how realistic is it for a country like Cambodia to harbour such ambitions? What sort of a higher education system should it develop to serve the needs of its people and boost the economy?

The gap between Cambodia and the leading Asian nations in terms of participation and spending on higher education is so large that trying to compete on the international stage would surely be a waste of money. The latest UNESCO statistics showed fewer than 3 percent of Cambodians completing tertiary education, compared with more than 30 percent in South Korea and 20 percent even in the Philippines. Spending per student was less than $1,000 a year, compared with $5,000 in Malaysia.

Of course, the destruction of its universities and the loss of a generation of academics under the Khmer Rouge make Cambodia a special case.

During the Khmer Rouge regime, teachers and educated role models were killed, schools were destroyed and books were burned. Although new teachers have been trained and schools have been rebuilt, there continue to be a variety of obstacles that challenge the country’s ability to provide access to quality education. Initiatives like the World Bank’s commitment of $15 million to support public and private universities acknowledge the need for extra investment in the country’s higher education. Agreements like the one signed by the University of Texas at San Antonio with the Royal University of Phnom Penh and Pannasastra University will also help to strengthen the system.

Universities elsewhere in Asia and farther afield are increasingly keen to recruit international students. The University of Bedfordshire, in the United Kingdom, for example, offers scholarships to Cambodians of “high academic standing”.

A realistic target for the country’s universities, therefore, would be to keep more of the brightest students at home, as well as take more students in total when funding allows. As per-capita income and the numbers completing secondary education grow, the demand for higher education is certain to increase. The university system can make an important contribution to Cambodia’s development, particularly in areas such as agriculture and tourism, without worrying about international rankings.
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John O’Leary is a journalist and education consultant, working for QS and a variety of newspapers and magazines, universities and national organisations. He edited The Times Higher Education Supplement from 2002 until 2007 and was previously education editor of The Times, having joined the newspaper in 1990 as higher education correspondent. He now edits the quarterly magazine Policy Review, and writes regularly on education for The Times, Education Journal and Parliamentary Monitor.

Teaching youths of Khmer history


Photo by: Lily Partland
Youth representative Suos Makara (left) and Deputy Director General of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport Kim Amara.

(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:00 Lily Partland

IN a bid to familiarise more of the nation’s young people with their Khmer heritage, the Department of Youth held a Youth Council study tour in Siem Reap from September 29 to October 1, drawing close to 160 attendees from 23 provinces.

The seventh annual tour educated young Cambodians about the stages and key figures of Khmer history. Participants in the tour spent three days at local temples such as Angkor Wat, Bayon and Ta Prohm. They were given lectures about the history of the temples and Khmer culture by the Apsara Authority and participated in group discussions.

Kim Amara, deputy director general of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, is hopeful of encouraging the young people of Cambodia to “work to protect the temples and Khmer culture.

“When they study history by reading and writing, it’s not the same as if they see it with their own eyes.”

The representatives, mostly secondary and high school students aged between 15 and 22, were selected from provincial youth councils and were described by Kim Amara as “future leaders”.

The study tour opened with an address by the general director of youth, Phan Sokim, and it was closed by the secretary of the Ministry of Education, Chey Chap.

Suos Makara, 18, is a member of the Youth Council in Kompong Speu province. He said: “The most important part was getting to know Khmer history. Everything I learned here I will teach to my friends, family and community.”

Apart from educating Cambodian youths about the finer points of Khmer history first-hand, Amara emphasised that “the study tour aimed to bring together youths from all over the country to learn from each other and develop their independence.

“We think it is good for young people to exchange their knowledge with other young people from other provinces and make friends. When the representatives go home, they will share what they learned with their community and enhance nationalism and love for the humans who built the temples.”

Tuning in to artistic energy



Photo by: BENNETT MURRAY
Filipino artist Loven Ramos says while Siem Reap has a thriving art gallery scene, it needs art schools and institutions to stimulate the growth of Cambodian art.

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Craftsmanship among the Khmer people is really amazing. They’ve got Angkor Wat to prove it.
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(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:00 BENNETT MURRAY

Siem Reap has become a magnetic attraction for local and foreign artists, drawn by its healthy art industry and an indefinable something ‘in the air’

At first glance, Siem Reap may not seem like a town that would spawn a thriving art scene. Until recently, it was a dusty provincial capital that just happened to be next to one of the world’s greatest archaeological wonders.

But today, Cambodian and foreign artists alike come to Siem Reap to exhibit their work.

Loven Ramos, a Filipino artist who came to Cambodia in 2005, says Siem Reap has the right factors to create a bustling art industry.

“There is a perfect mix of everything,” explains Ramos. The town attracts a cosmopolitan mix who appreciate not only the ancient temples, but the artistic work of contemporary Cambodia, he says.

But Ramos admits accessing the region’s energy can take time.

“When I first came here, I asked: ‘What the hell did I do to myself?’ This is probably the most boring, dustiest and smelly place.”

However, he stuck around, found a niche and began practising his art.

“That’s the thing about Cambodia. You have to scratch and get below skin-depth to really discover its true charm.”

Even though he is a foreigner, he says, his work is ultimately concerned with his surroundings.

“You cannot invoke the spirit of a place unless you have locals involved in it,” he says.

“Either if it’s artwork done by a foreigner or a local, it’s art inspired by Cambodia.”

City-country divide
While Siem Reap has many art galleries catering to the tourist trade, Phnom Penh retains the throne as king of Cambodia’s art scene.

Artist Sasha Constable, who first came to Cambodia in 2001, says the differences needed to be put into perspective.

“There are very few artists actually living in Siem Reap compared to Phnom Penh,” Constable says.

“The Siem Reap draw is due to the transient market coming through of all the tourists, so it makes sense to have a commercial gallery in Siem Reap rather than in Phnom Penh.”

Don Protasio, who curates the Art Lounge at Hotel de la Paix, says his job is to create a venue to promote and sell locally made art, whether produced by Khmers or foreigners.

Artistic energy
“A lot of expats settled in town, and they brought a lot of positive energy that didn’t exist before,” he says.

As an artist, Protasio says he can’t help but be inspired in Siem Reap.

“In the ancient times, this place had that energy from the temples. It’s in the air, it’s in the genes of the people.”

Most Cambodian artists exhibiting in Siem Reap come from Phnom Penh, where the Royal University of Fine Arts is based, or Battambang, where artists are trained at the NGO-run Phare Ponleu Selpak art school.

“What we do here is present the artists, but we don’t have our own stable of artists, and we don’t formally connect with other galleries to exchange talent,” said Protasio.

Ramos says despite its booming art trade, Siem Reap lacks any formal artistic instruction and needs more art schools. “You need an institution to redirect the growth of art,” he said.

Meanwhile, contemporary Cambodian artists are dependent on the international market, as Khmers tend to buy traditional images of Angkor Wat or Apsara dancers.

Dana Langlois, who owns the Java Arts Cafe in Phnom Penh, says only a few images are identified as “traditional Cambodian paintings”.

“When you start getting into more contemporary work, or anything that strays from what’s already accepted, then only foreigners are buying them,” Langlois said.

Nonetheless, Ramos is optimistic about the future of Cambodian art.

“Most Cambodians I know are receptive to new ideas. They don’t necessarily embrace them, but they welcome them,” he said.

“The sense of craftsmanship among the Khmer people is really amazing. They’ve got Angkor Wat to prove it.”

Valuable new skills for workers



Photo by: MARK ROY
Factory worker Sorn Kunthim says the contest has given her new skills and confidence.

(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:00 Roth Meas

The aspirations of 20 Cambodian garment factory workers were advanced last Saturday when finalists of the International Labour Organisation’s “I am Precious” design competition were announced.

A cooperation between ILO and several NGOs, private companies and government ministries, “I am Precious” is now in its second year. More than 1,000 entries were received from garment workers in 35 factories across Cambodia.

The contest promotes self-worth among the nation’s clothing workforce by inviting entrants to take their first step into fashion design.

ILO coordinator Minna Maaskila said Khmer workers are as hungry for pride as they are for their salaries.

“I don’t believe it changes lives, but it gives them a positive, something to look forward to,” Maaskila said. “As one of the garment workers wrote in a letter: ‘This competition gives me energy’.”

In lunchtime meetings in factories across the Kingdom, entrants were encouraged to send in their original designs for T-shirts or dresses.

All 20 finalists will take part in a training course before three eventual winners are decided. Contenders will have the added thrill of seeing their designs become reality.

ILO is working with designers and tailors to have the garments produced in time for each designer to wear on the final day of the competition at the end of November.

One finalist, Sorn Kunthim, 24, has worked at Camwell MFG garment factory since 2003.

“The competition has really given me confidence,” she said. “It has changed me because I’ve started to learn skills which are useful outside of the factory.”

Archers try to stay on target



Photo by: Sovan Philong

Male archers line up to aim at their targets at 60 metres during the National Archery Championship Tuesday.


Photo by: Sovan Philong
An archer collects his arrows from the target as a match official records the score during the first day of the National Archery Championships at Olympic Stadium Tuesday.

(Post by CAAI News Media)

Wednesday, 14 October 2009 15:00 Ung Chamroeun

Numbers are down significantly for this year’s National Archery Championship, with the federation struggling to finance competitions and training for archers

THE National Archery Championship 2009 began Tuesday morning on the football field at Olympic Stadium. A modest opening ceremony officially opened the event, failing to attract the spectator numbers and big-name dignitaries of other more popular sports such as football or boxing.

According to a letter signed Monday by Im Sethy, minister of education, youth and sport, about 50 officials from different sports committees were nominated to organise the championship, but many were absent from Tuesday’s proceedings. Indeed, competitors themselves were recruited at the last minute to help record the scores.

Kong Deap, national coach and member of the Archery Federation of Cambodia (AFC), said the number of participants has decreased by more than half of those at the previous tournament. “Last year, there were more than 200 athletes,” he stated. “But this year, only about 90 athletes from eight clubs are participating.”

Kong Deap said the low number was because of many archers being too busy with studies to attend, adding that the federation cannot afford to organise a larger event.

“Apart from the budget from the Ministry of Education, we have nothing else,” bemoaned the coach. “Before, our chairman and also Minister of Information Khieu Kanharith helped us a lot, but now he is busy with his work in the government. Our situation is difficult.”

Kong Deap also noted that equipment such as arrows, targets and especially bows were donated a while ago by Singaporean and South Korean partners. “We don’t have money to buy a bow costing about US$1,000,” he said. “We can’t do anything without sponsorship.”

The national coach explained that because archery involves an element of danger, it is difficult to find a safe place for training. A space near the Olympic Stadium complex swimming pool is suitable but cannot be guaranteed as a permanent site for archers intending to train for international events, he said.

The national championship, which will be held each morning this week until Saturday, is divided into three categories: men’s singles, women’s singles, and group. Men’s and group archers fire from 60 metres, while the women’s event sets up from 50 metres.

However, a special competition arranged for the final day will see Khun Sopheap from Khan Meanchey Club, Choun Amarin from Vireak Rin Club, Choeuk Long from Ta Khlaing Moeung Club and Vann Nary from Santepheap Club take aim from 70 metres, with the top three chosen to represent Cambodia at the 25th SEA Games in Laos in December.

Despite failing to capture any medals in the last two SEA Games, Cambodia’s top-scoring archer, Khun Sopheap, 26, remains optimistic. “If I’m selected for the upcoming SEA Games, I’ll do my best to get the best result,” he said. “The last two games in Vietnam and in Thailand were good experiences. I’ve found that my performance has improved a lot.”

However, Choun Amarin expressed his concerns for the future of the sport in Cambodia. “Actually, we have only five standard bows,” he divulged. “We will have great difficulty if they break, because our federation doesn’t have enough money to buy [new ones].”

Tournament officials couldn’t confirm the prize money available to winners of this year’s championship. “Last year, the singles champions received 150,000 riels [US$36] each, and 450,000 riels for [the winning] group,” remembered one competitor. “I don’t know more.”