A report on Pol Pot's reign of terror in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979. It was a hearing impaired programme thus the sub-titles.
Saturday, 7 March 2009
Unforgettable Cambodia - TNT & UN World Food Programme - Moving the World Programme
Cambodia left a deep impression on me during my stay there for 3 months working with UN World Food Programme. My love for the people and country can be seen in this video.
RandomKid Opens School in Cambodia
RandomKid marks the opening of a school in Cambodia that the kids named FOR EACH OTHER. Attending the event are 5 children from the USA representing 70 children from 19 countries around the world who participated in this project. In order of appearance: Talia Leman (IA), Robbye Raisher (NM) and Maddie Lawry (TN). In Part 2, you will see Allison Sant (OH) and Stevie Peacock (FL). The video has multiple cuts, because we edited out the Cambodian translator. This project was made possible by American Assistance to Cambodia, through Bernard Krisher.
Being serious about torture. Or not.
Australia.TO
Written by William Blum
March 05, 2009"Information Clearing House" -- -In Cambodia they're once again endeavoring to hold trials to bring some former senior Khmer Rouge officials to justice for their 1975-79 war crimes and crimes against humanity. The current defendant in a United Nations-organized trial, Kaing Guek Eav, who was the head of a Khmer Rouge torture center, has confessed to atrocities, but insists he was acting under orders.1 As we all know, this is the defense that the Nuremberg Tribunal rejected for the Nazi defendants. Everyone knows that, right? No one places any weight on such a defense any longer, right? We make jokes about Nazis declaring: "I was only following orders!" ("Ich habe nur den Befehlen gehorcht!") Except that both the Bush and Obama administrations have spoken in favor of it. Here's the new head of the CIA, Leon Panetta: "What I have expressed as a concern, as has the president, is that those who operated under the rules that were provided by the Attorney General in the interpretation of the law [concerning torture] and followed those rules ought not to be penalized. And ... I would not support, obviously, an investigation or a prosecution of those individuals. I think they did their job."2 Operating under the rules ... doing their job ... are of course the same as following orders.
The UN Convention Against Torture (first adopted in 1984), which has been ratified by the United States, says quite clearly, "An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture." The Torture Convention enacts a prohibition against torture that is a cornerstone of international law and a principle on a par with the prohibition against slavery and genocide.
Of course, those giving the orders are no less guilty. On the very day of Obama's inauguration, the United Nation's special torture rapporteur invoked the Convention in calling on the United States to pursue former president George W. Bush and defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld for torture and bad treatment of Guantanamo prisoners.3
On several occasions, President Obama has indicated his reluctance to pursue war crimes charges against Bush officials, by expressing a view such as: “I don't believe that anybody is above the law. On the other hand I also have a belief that we need to look forward as opposed to looking backwards.” This is the same excuse Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen has given for not punishing Khmer Rouge leaders. In December 1998 he asserted: "We should dig a hole and bury the past and look ahead to the 21st century with a clean slate."4 Hun Sen has been in power all the years since then, and no Khmer Rouge leader has been convicted for their role in the historic mass murder.
And by not investigating Bush officials, Obama is indeed saying that they're above the law. Like the Khmer Rouge officials have been. Michael Ratner, a professor at Columbia Law School and president of the Center for Constitutional Rights, said prosecuting Bush officials is necessary to set future anti-torture policy. "The only way to prevent this from happening again is to make sure that those who were responsible for the torture program pay the price for it. I don't see how we regain our moral stature by allowing those who were intimately involved in the torture programs to simply walk off the stage and lead lives where they are not held accountable."5
One reason for the non-prosecution may be that serious trials of the many Bush officials who contributed to the torture policies might reveal the various forms of Democratic Party non-opposition and collaboration.
It should also be noted that the United States supported Pol Pot (who died in April 1998) and the Khmer Rouge for several years after they were ousted from power by the Vietnamese in 1979. This support began under Jimmy Carter and his National Security Adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and continued under Ronald Reagan.6 A lingering bitterness by American cold warriors toward Vietnam, the small nation which monumental US power had not been able to defeat, and its perceived closeness to the Soviet Union, appears to be the only explanation for this policy. Humiliation runs deep when you're a superpower.
Neither should it be forgotten in this complex cautionary tale that the Khmer Rouge in all likelihood would never have come to power, nor even made a serious attempt to do so, if not for the massive American "carpet bombing" of Cambodia in 1969-70 and the US-supported overthrow of Prince Sihanouk in 1970 and his replacement by a man closely tied to the United States.7 Thank you Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger. Well done, lads.
By the way, if you're not already turned off by many of Obama's appointments, listen to how James Jones opened his talk at the Munich Conference on Security Policy on February 8: "Thank you for that wonderful tribute to Henry Kissinger yesterday. Congratulations. As the most recent National Security Advisor of the United States, I take my daily orders from Dr. Kissinger."8
Lastly, Spain's High Court recently announced it would launch a war crimes investigation into an Israeli ex-defense minister and six other top security officials for their role in a 2002 attack that killed a Hamas commander and 14 civilians in Gaza.9 Spain has for some time been the world's leading practitioner of "universal jurisdiction" for human-rights violations, such as their indictment of Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet a decade ago. The Israeli case involved the dropping of a bomb on the home of the Hamas leader; most of those killed were children. The United States does this very same thing every other day in Afghanistan or Pakistan. Given the refusal of American presidents to invoke even their "national jurisdiction" over American officials-cum-war criminals, we can only hope that someone reminds the Spanish authorities of a few names, names like Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Powell, Rice, Feith, Perle, Yoo, and a few others with a piece missing, a piece that's shaped like a conscience. There isn't even a need to rely on international law alone, for there's an American law against war crimes, passed by a Republican-dominated Congress in 1996.10
The noted Israeli columnist, Uri Avnery, writing about the Israeli case, tried to capture the spirit of Israeli society that produces such war criminals and war crimes. He observed: "This system indoctrinates its pupils with a violent tribal cult, totally ethnocentric, which sees in the whole of world history nothing but an endless story of Jewish victimhood. This is a religion of a Chosen People, indifferent to others, a religion without compassion for anyone who is not Jewish, which glorifies the God-decreed genocide described in the Biblical book of Joshua."11
It would take very little substitution to apply this statement to the United States — like "American" for "Jewish" and "American exceptionalism" for "a Chosen People".
Written by William Blum
March 05, 2009"Information Clearing House" -- -In Cambodia they're once again endeavoring to hold trials to bring some former senior Khmer Rouge officials to justice for their 1975-79 war crimes and crimes against humanity. The current defendant in a United Nations-organized trial, Kaing Guek Eav, who was the head of a Khmer Rouge torture center, has confessed to atrocities, but insists he was acting under orders.1 As we all know, this is the defense that the Nuremberg Tribunal rejected for the Nazi defendants. Everyone knows that, right? No one places any weight on such a defense any longer, right? We make jokes about Nazis declaring: "I was only following orders!" ("Ich habe nur den Befehlen gehorcht!") Except that both the Bush and Obama administrations have spoken in favor of it. Here's the new head of the CIA, Leon Panetta: "What I have expressed as a concern, as has the president, is that those who operated under the rules that were provided by the Attorney General in the interpretation of the law [concerning torture] and followed those rules ought not to be penalized. And ... I would not support, obviously, an investigation or a prosecution of those individuals. I think they did their job."2 Operating under the rules ... doing their job ... are of course the same as following orders.
The UN Convention Against Torture (first adopted in 1984), which has been ratified by the United States, says quite clearly, "An order from a superior officer or a public authority may not be invoked as a justification of torture." The Torture Convention enacts a prohibition against torture that is a cornerstone of international law and a principle on a par with the prohibition against slavery and genocide.
Of course, those giving the orders are no less guilty. On the very day of Obama's inauguration, the United Nation's special torture rapporteur invoked the Convention in calling on the United States to pursue former president George W. Bush and defense secretary Donald Rumsfeld for torture and bad treatment of Guantanamo prisoners.3
On several occasions, President Obama has indicated his reluctance to pursue war crimes charges against Bush officials, by expressing a view such as: “I don't believe that anybody is above the law. On the other hand I also have a belief that we need to look forward as opposed to looking backwards.” This is the same excuse Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen has given for not punishing Khmer Rouge leaders. In December 1998 he asserted: "We should dig a hole and bury the past and look ahead to the 21st century with a clean slate."4 Hun Sen has been in power all the years since then, and no Khmer Rouge leader has been convicted for their role in the historic mass murder.
And by not investigating Bush officials, Obama is indeed saying that they're above the law. Like the Khmer Rouge officials have been. Michael Ratner, a professor at Columbia Law School and president of the Center for Constitutional Rights, said prosecuting Bush officials is necessary to set future anti-torture policy. "The only way to prevent this from happening again is to make sure that those who were responsible for the torture program pay the price for it. I don't see how we regain our moral stature by allowing those who were intimately involved in the torture programs to simply walk off the stage and lead lives where they are not held accountable."5
One reason for the non-prosecution may be that serious trials of the many Bush officials who contributed to the torture policies might reveal the various forms of Democratic Party non-opposition and collaboration.
It should also be noted that the United States supported Pol Pot (who died in April 1998) and the Khmer Rouge for several years after they were ousted from power by the Vietnamese in 1979. This support began under Jimmy Carter and his National Security Adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and continued under Ronald Reagan.6 A lingering bitterness by American cold warriors toward Vietnam, the small nation which monumental US power had not been able to defeat, and its perceived closeness to the Soviet Union, appears to be the only explanation for this policy. Humiliation runs deep when you're a superpower.
Neither should it be forgotten in this complex cautionary tale that the Khmer Rouge in all likelihood would never have come to power, nor even made a serious attempt to do so, if not for the massive American "carpet bombing" of Cambodia in 1969-70 and the US-supported overthrow of Prince Sihanouk in 1970 and his replacement by a man closely tied to the United States.7 Thank you Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger. Well done, lads.
By the way, if you're not already turned off by many of Obama's appointments, listen to how James Jones opened his talk at the Munich Conference on Security Policy on February 8: "Thank you for that wonderful tribute to Henry Kissinger yesterday. Congratulations. As the most recent National Security Advisor of the United States, I take my daily orders from Dr. Kissinger."8
Lastly, Spain's High Court recently announced it would launch a war crimes investigation into an Israeli ex-defense minister and six other top security officials for their role in a 2002 attack that killed a Hamas commander and 14 civilians in Gaza.9 Spain has for some time been the world's leading practitioner of "universal jurisdiction" for human-rights violations, such as their indictment of Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet a decade ago. The Israeli case involved the dropping of a bomb on the home of the Hamas leader; most of those killed were children. The United States does this very same thing every other day in Afghanistan or Pakistan. Given the refusal of American presidents to invoke even their "national jurisdiction" over American officials-cum-war criminals, we can only hope that someone reminds the Spanish authorities of a few names, names like Bush, Cheney, Rumsfeld, Powell, Rice, Feith, Perle, Yoo, and a few others with a piece missing, a piece that's shaped like a conscience. There isn't even a need to rely on international law alone, for there's an American law against war crimes, passed by a Republican-dominated Congress in 1996.10
The noted Israeli columnist, Uri Avnery, writing about the Israeli case, tried to capture the spirit of Israeli society that produces such war criminals and war crimes. He observed: "This system indoctrinates its pupils with a violent tribal cult, totally ethnocentric, which sees in the whole of world history nothing but an endless story of Jewish victimhood. This is a religion of a Chosen People, indifferent to others, a religion without compassion for anyone who is not Jewish, which glorifies the God-decreed genocide described in the Biblical book of Joshua."11
It would take very little substitution to apply this statement to the United States — like "American" for "Jewish" and "American exceptionalism" for "a Chosen People".
Climate change a threat to Metro
By Alcuin Papa
Philippine Daily Inquirer
03/07/2009
Filed Under: Climate Change, Environmental Issues, Local authorities
MANILA, Philippines – Metro Manila ranks as the seventh most vulnerable area to climate change in Southeast Asia, a recent study said.
The study, titled “Climate Change Vulnerability in Southeast Asia” conducted by the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) over a period of six months, listed Central Jakarta in Indonesia as the most vulnerable.
It is followed by North Jakarta, West Jakarta, Mondol Kiri in Cambodia, East Jakarta, and Rotanokiri area also in Cambodia.
The South Jakarta area came in eighth, the Kota Bandung area ninth and the Kota Surabaya area rounded up the top ten vulnerable areas.
Dr. Herminia Francisco, an environmental economist who authored the study, said these areas would be vulnerable to hazards like tropical cyclones, floods, landslides, drought, and sea level rise brought about by changes in the climate.
Francisco presented the findings of the study, funded by the International Development Research Center (IDRC) based in Canada, in a press conference Friday in Makati City.
She said the study was conducted to help affected communities as well as decision makers come up with ways to adapt to climate change.
Francisco said the areas were judged on their exposure to hazards, the large sensitivity of the communities there due to population density, and the low adaptive capacity of the community to climate change due to limitations on infrastructure, technology and poverty levels.
“We want to open the eyes of the public and decision makers on the effects of climate change so the allocation of funds could be specific to these areas. The resources could be directed to these areas to help the communities adapt to climate change,” Francisco said.
She explained that they used an index of overall climate change vulnerability for Southeast Asia and ranked the regions accordingly.
“Based on this mapping assessment, all regions of the Philippines, the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam, almost all regions of Cambodia, North and East Laos, the Bangkok region of Thailand and the West Sumatra, South Sumatra, Western Java, and Eastern Java areas of Indonesia are among the most vulnerable regions in Southeast Asia,” Francisco said.
The study also identified other areas in the country aside from Metro Manila as highly vulnerable to climate change.
These areas are Northern Samar, Benguet, Masbate, Batanes, Zamboanga del Norte, Ilocos Sur, Western Samar, Albay, and Lanao del Norte.
Philippine Daily Inquirer
03/07/2009
Filed Under: Climate Change, Environmental Issues, Local authorities
MANILA, Philippines – Metro Manila ranks as the seventh most vulnerable area to climate change in Southeast Asia, a recent study said.
The study, titled “Climate Change Vulnerability in Southeast Asia” conducted by the Economy and Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) over a period of six months, listed Central Jakarta in Indonesia as the most vulnerable.
It is followed by North Jakarta, West Jakarta, Mondol Kiri in Cambodia, East Jakarta, and Rotanokiri area also in Cambodia.
The South Jakarta area came in eighth, the Kota Bandung area ninth and the Kota Surabaya area rounded up the top ten vulnerable areas.
Dr. Herminia Francisco, an environmental economist who authored the study, said these areas would be vulnerable to hazards like tropical cyclones, floods, landslides, drought, and sea level rise brought about by changes in the climate.
Francisco presented the findings of the study, funded by the International Development Research Center (IDRC) based in Canada, in a press conference Friday in Makati City.
She said the study was conducted to help affected communities as well as decision makers come up with ways to adapt to climate change.
Francisco said the areas were judged on their exposure to hazards, the large sensitivity of the communities there due to population density, and the low adaptive capacity of the community to climate change due to limitations on infrastructure, technology and poverty levels.
“We want to open the eyes of the public and decision makers on the effects of climate change so the allocation of funds could be specific to these areas. The resources could be directed to these areas to help the communities adapt to climate change,” Francisco said.
She explained that they used an index of overall climate change vulnerability for Southeast Asia and ranked the regions accordingly.
“Based on this mapping assessment, all regions of the Philippines, the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam, almost all regions of Cambodia, North and East Laos, the Bangkok region of Thailand and the West Sumatra, South Sumatra, Western Java, and Eastern Java areas of Indonesia are among the most vulnerable regions in Southeast Asia,” Francisco said.
The study also identified other areas in the country aside from Metro Manila as highly vulnerable to climate change.
These areas are Northern Samar, Benguet, Masbate, Batanes, Zamboanga del Norte, Ilocos Sur, Western Samar, Albay, and Lanao del Norte.
In the corner for the defense
Asia Times OnlineSoutheast Asia
Mar 7, 2009
By Stephen Kurczy
PHNOM PENH - Advocate Jacques Verges was a no-show last week at Phnom Penh's Khmer Rouge tribunal, where he represents the 77-year-old Khieu Samphan, the former head of state of the radical Maoist regime blamed for the deaths of some 1.7 million Cambodians during the late 1970s.
Verges was apparently stuck in Paris tending to a close friend and colleague who had fallen down a staircase. That's according to Khieu Samphan's Cambodian co-attorney, Sa Sovan, who was left to appear alone in the defense section and asked for the court to delay the pre-trial hearing.
Asia Times Online contributor Stephen Kurczy caught up with Sa Sovan at his Phnom Penh law office afterwards to ask what it is like to work alongside the famed French advocate; about allegations of corruption which have dogged the United Nations (UN)-backed tribunal, and why he decided to represent Khieu Samphan, even though 20 of his own family members died under the Khmer Rouge regime. Excerpts follow:
Asia Times Online: Jacques Verges just wrapped up a four-month production of his one-man play at the Madeleine Theater in Paris. Amid his hectic schedule, and now the news that his close friend is in the hospital, how often are you two able to discuss your defense strategy for Khieu Samphan?
Sa Sovan: All the time, almost every day. Otherwise we cannot defend our client.
Asia Times Online: Have you seen Verges' performance in Paris?
SS: Yes. He takes the cases of Creon, the [former] king of Greece, Joan of Arc and the 1962 case of Djamila Bouhired, and he compares the cases. It was very good. We all stood up and clapped for 20 minutes.
ATol: At the tribunal, it has at times appeared as if Verges and you were putting on a performance. Last year I recall you almost got into a fight with one of the civil party victims during a press conference.
SS: They hate me because I defend Khieu Samphan. They pulled on my hands and asked me why I defend Khieu Samphan. But I rejected their questions. I said, "Don't ask me, ask your lawyer." I later complained to the UN to not let these people in the court. I said, "If you do, I will bring 1,000 supporters of Khieu Samphan to the court."
ATol: Do you believe Khieu Samphan is innocent?
SS: My friend lost his wife and four children to the Khmer Rouge. Even he says that Khieu Samphan is not a killer. I could bring 1,000 supporters [of Khieu Samphan to the court]. … If he did wrong, we need to find the evidence. But if there is no evidence, we have to acquit him. My father also died in the regime. So we have to find out the mistakes that were done. If we cannot find the mistakes, we have to acquit Khieu Samphan.
ATol: Do you think the trial, with its many problems, will ever get to a point where he is either convicted or acquitted?
SS: Don't ask me that question. I can't answer it.
ATol: How did you become Khieu Samphan's lawyer?
SS: It was very accidental. My friend, Say Bory, got sick. He was the former attorney for Khieu Samphan … I was hesitant to be Khieu Samphan's attorney because both of my children were born in France and they felt like those people born in France, in foreign countries, were hated by the Khmer Rouge regime.
So they told me that I should not join. You have enough money from your teaching and your retirement, they said, you can do anything else. They see things differently because they are not attorneys. I decided to become Khieu Samphan's attorney even though my children and my wife, also my friends, opposed it.
ATol: Would you have agreed to defend any of the other former Khmer Rouge cadres now held in detention: former Toul Sleng prison chief Kaing Guek Eav, alias Duch; former Brother Number 2 and chief ideologue Nuon Chea; former foreign minister Ieng Sary; or his wife, former social affairs minister Ieng Thirith?
SS: No, only Khieu Samphan. The other four came to me, but I said I was busy.
ATol: Was your decision influenced by growing up in Kandal province, where Khieu Samphan served as your parliamentary representative?
SS: As an attorney, we cannot make a decision based on those things. It does not mean that I love [Khieu Samphan] and hate the others. I have my own difficulties with the others. I think it is difficult to defend them … I know that Khieu Samphan is a man of integrity. He was the parliamentary representative in my area and we knew that Khieu Samphan was not a strong communist. I know he was honest and criticized all the governors for corruption.
ATol: Cambodian staffers at the tribunal claim they were forced to pay kickbacks for their jobs. Do you believe corruption exists within the court?
SS: I don't know much about the allegations, because it regards those who receive money from the Cambodian side of the court. I receive my money from the United Nations. … Corruption is not only at the ECCC [Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia], it is throughout Cambodia.
If you want me to find corruption, I can find it. At the municipal courts, judges receive $450 to $500 a month, but they drive a Lexus SUV or Land Cruiser. The clerk in the court only receives $60 a month, but he drives a car to work.
ATol: Is it as easy to find corruption within the ECCC?
SS: I cannot say. Maybe I have heard information, but I have no evidence. Seventy percent of the staff are my former students. But I have no evidence, so I cannot say anything.
ATol: Some staff said they were instructed to pay 70% of their paychecks in kickbacks.
SS: It's too much. If your salary is $5,000 a month, then you're giving $3,500 already. If you give $500, maybe it's believable.
ATol: Regardless of the extent of the allegations, should the Cambodian government investigate?
SS: I cannot answer this. Ask the government. It is related to politics, to the dispute between [national co-prosecutor] Chea Leang and [international co-prosecutor] Robert Petit. One wants to investigate more suspects and the other does not want to investigate. I am worried that the court is under the influence of politics too much.
ATol: What is a bigger issue at the court, the allegations of corruption or the court's failure to translate all documents into French, as Verges has complained about for the past year?
SS: Translation is not an issue. There are not many charges against Khieu Samphan - if you put the translation as the most important issue, it means we are afraid.
ATol: But Verges has repeatedly accused the court of failing to translate all evidence into French, thereby denying him of the ability to defend his client.
SS: He has to say this - it is a strategy for the defense. He has to do that. But for me, if I change my position, I change my position because my client has asked me to. I put the interest of my client first.
ATol: Are you saying the translation issue is a mere stalling tactic?
SS: No. It's a waste of time that the court hasn't resolved it already. I want to do things faster so we can know whether the court will acquit him or not. The reason we have hearings is to release Khieu Samphan.
ATol: Like Khieu Samphan and many of the founding members of the Khmer Rouge, you were educated in Paris. How did this come about?
SS: In 1969 I had a feeling that our country might have a war soon, so I was looking for scholarships to study in France. I liked private law, because my father was a businessman and lawyer. At that time, Cambodian students were not interested in scholarships for private law. Most students only wanted an education in public law so they could become a director or governor somewhere in the country. If I tried to get a scholarship in public law, I wouldn't have been able to because it was so competitive.
ATol: You are one of the few living Cambodians who was educated pre-1975. How did you escape the regime's purge of intellectuals? Did you know you should not return to Cambodia after the Khmer Rouge sacked Lon Nol's government on April 17, 1975?
SS: I wanted to come back. I wanted to return because I am a Khmer national, but I didn't want to be a commune chief for the Khmer Rouge. I just wanted to come back as a commoner and teach at the university of law. But the Khmer Rouge didn't see me that way.
They said I was just an opportunist who wanted to join them when they won power … The Khmer Rouge in Paris asked me to write an essay naming the seven national traitors: [former Cambodian prime minister] Lon Nol, etc. But I could only write down six names. I forgot the name Soeung Gnoc Than. He was the Cambodian prime minister when the Japanese armies came to Cambodia. But because I forgot his name, the Khmer Rouge would not let me come back.
Stephen Kurczy is an Asia Times Online contributor based in Cambodia. He may be reached at kurczy@gmail.com.
From the Foreign Press: Cambodia's oil resources Blessing or curse?
The New Nation
Phnom Penh
Waiting for the oil (and money) to flow
MANY countries have been afflicted by a "resource curse". Discoveries of oil or other mineral deposits are hailed as offering a way out of poverty. But hopes are dashed as corrupt officials pocket the money or squander it on grandiose projects. Cambodia, giddy at the prospect of an oil boom, hopes not to go the same way.
A recent report, called "Country for Sale", by a London-based NGO, Global Witness, points out that amendments to a 1991 law had the effect of placing the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority (CNPA), the body administering oil contracts, under the direct control of Hun Sen, the prime minister, and Sok An, his deputy. It alleges that millions of dollars paid to the government to secure oil concessions do not show up in the official annual revenue reports. Meanwhile, unrestrained mining exploration has seen thousands forcibly evicted from their land in the north, and has damaged six of the country's 23 protected wildlife areas.
The discovery of oil and other minerals was a godsend to Cambodia. Despite foreign-aid donors' constant pleas for restraint, logging companies have largely exhausted the country's once abundant forests. Chevron, a California-based oil giant, at first estimated its 2005 oil discovery in the Gulf of Thailand at 400m barrels, enough to earn about $1.7 billion a year, against the government's budget last year of $1.2 billion. Chevron was awarded the largest exploration contract in the block thought to be most productive. But it has found that the oil is scattered in pockets and hard to extract. Despite the recent fall in the oil price, the government still hopes production will start in 2012.
It will be very welcome: aid still makes up half of the government's budget, despite a decade of stalling on anti-corruption legislation that donors want to see. The World Bank consistently ranks Cambodia in the bottom 10% of all countries for controlling corruption. Michael McWalter of the Asian Development Bank, who advises the Cambodian government on oil, argues that the CNPA is underfinanced and ill-equipped to deal with the complexities of the oil business.
In March last year the United Nations Development Programme and the Norwegian government jointly organised a conference to discuss what the government should do. The advice included the creation of an independent, transparent oil fund. This, however, was largely based on the experience of Norway, which has an effective system of checks and balances.
Cambodia does not, and Mr Hun Sen and Mr Sok An have still not come up with a coherent plan for managing the oil revenues. According to Global Witness, the government decided at a meeting with donors in October not to join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), an international coalition that would require full disclosure of oil, gas and mining revenues. Rather, it agreed to endorse only the principles underpinning the EITI, making its rules non-binding.
Government officials have responded to the allegations by lashing out at NGOs. At a conference in February, Mr Hun Sen called NGOs' criticism of his oil policies "crazy". And he has already alluded to the prospect that oil revenues may diminish the influence of aid donors-though he denies they have much anyway, since Cambodia can always turn to China, a generous donor, which, he says, despite its might, treats its partners with respect.
Phnom Penh
Waiting for the oil (and money) to flow
MANY countries have been afflicted by a "resource curse". Discoveries of oil or other mineral deposits are hailed as offering a way out of poverty. But hopes are dashed as corrupt officials pocket the money or squander it on grandiose projects. Cambodia, giddy at the prospect of an oil boom, hopes not to go the same way.
A recent report, called "Country for Sale", by a London-based NGO, Global Witness, points out that amendments to a 1991 law had the effect of placing the Cambodian National Petroleum Authority (CNPA), the body administering oil contracts, under the direct control of Hun Sen, the prime minister, and Sok An, his deputy. It alleges that millions of dollars paid to the government to secure oil concessions do not show up in the official annual revenue reports. Meanwhile, unrestrained mining exploration has seen thousands forcibly evicted from their land in the north, and has damaged six of the country's 23 protected wildlife areas.
The discovery of oil and other minerals was a godsend to Cambodia. Despite foreign-aid donors' constant pleas for restraint, logging companies have largely exhausted the country's once abundant forests. Chevron, a California-based oil giant, at first estimated its 2005 oil discovery in the Gulf of Thailand at 400m barrels, enough to earn about $1.7 billion a year, against the government's budget last year of $1.2 billion. Chevron was awarded the largest exploration contract in the block thought to be most productive. But it has found that the oil is scattered in pockets and hard to extract. Despite the recent fall in the oil price, the government still hopes production will start in 2012.
It will be very welcome: aid still makes up half of the government's budget, despite a decade of stalling on anti-corruption legislation that donors want to see. The World Bank consistently ranks Cambodia in the bottom 10% of all countries for controlling corruption. Michael McWalter of the Asian Development Bank, who advises the Cambodian government on oil, argues that the CNPA is underfinanced and ill-equipped to deal with the complexities of the oil business.
In March last year the United Nations Development Programme and the Norwegian government jointly organised a conference to discuss what the government should do. The advice included the creation of an independent, transparent oil fund. This, however, was largely based on the experience of Norway, which has an effective system of checks and balances.
Cambodia does not, and Mr Hun Sen and Mr Sok An have still not come up with a coherent plan for managing the oil revenues. According to Global Witness, the government decided at a meeting with donors in October not to join the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), an international coalition that would require full disclosure of oil, gas and mining revenues. Rather, it agreed to endorse only the principles underpinning the EITI, making its rules non-binding.
Government officials have responded to the allegations by lashing out at NGOs. At a conference in February, Mr Hun Sen called NGOs' criticism of his oil policies "crazy". And he has already alluded to the prospect that oil revenues may diminish the influence of aid donors-though he denies they have much anyway, since Cambodia can always turn to China, a generous donor, which, he says, despite its might, treats its partners with respect.
Inside Story - Financial crisis to hit the poorest - Mar 5
Part 1
Part 2
AlJazeeraEnglish
Part 2
AlJazeeraEnglish
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is warning that the global economic downturn could create a widespread humanitarian crisis in the world's poorest and most vulnerable countries.
Eubanks returning to Vietnam, Cambodia to help children
Mt. Sterling Advocate
By Tom Marshall
Senior Advocate writer
A Mt. Sterling couple is moving to Vietnam later this month on a mission trip to help orphans overseas.
Enoch and Marissa Eubank are making the trip as part of Orphans Voice Ministries, an international adoption program that attempts to match parents in the U.S. with children from countries where adoption is difficult. They leave for Vietnam March 15, but will also spend time in neighboring Cambodia.
The Eubanks say God put in their heart to help children there.
“We felt, and God has confirmed for us, a call that we were meant to go there and help with those children,” Marissa said.
This is not the Eubanks first mission trip.
Last year they spent three months in Vietnam and Cambodia working at local orphanages and promoting Christianity in underground churches. Christians are sometimes jailed or suffer discrimination in communist nations.
The Eubanks served on previous foreign missions in Guatemala and Africa. Here in the U.S. they participated in the relief effort in Louisiana after Hurricane Rita.
That first mission to Louisiana inspired them to seek out more ways to help others and the trips abroad only worked to reinforce that, the Eubanks said .
By Tom Marshall
Senior Advocate writer
A Mt. Sterling couple is moving to Vietnam later this month on a mission trip to help orphans overseas.
Enoch and Marissa Eubank are making the trip as part of Orphans Voice Ministries, an international adoption program that attempts to match parents in the U.S. with children from countries where adoption is difficult. They leave for Vietnam March 15, but will also spend time in neighboring Cambodia.
The Eubanks say God put in their heart to help children there.
“We felt, and God has confirmed for us, a call that we were meant to go there and help with those children,” Marissa said.
This is not the Eubanks first mission trip.
Last year they spent three months in Vietnam and Cambodia working at local orphanages and promoting Christianity in underground churches. Christians are sometimes jailed or suffer discrimination in communist nations.
The Eubanks served on previous foreign missions in Guatemala and Africa. Here in the U.S. they participated in the relief effort in Louisiana after Hurricane Rita.
That first mission to Louisiana inspired them to seek out more ways to help others and the trips abroad only worked to reinforce that, the Eubanks said .
“I felt I was doing God’s work and I liked that,” Enoch said. “That just kind of started everything. ... The hunger for that just grew. I saw people had a need all over the world.”
Marissa said her desire to be a missionary dates back to elementary school. That’s when a group of missionaries spoke to her class at Mapleton Elementary about their experiences in Africa.
Marissa said she liked the idea of making a difference in the world.
As an adult, Marissa became familiar with Tony Brewer, founder of Orphan’s Voice, while attending church at Mt. Sterling’s Fellowship Christian Assembly. Brewer soon hired her to help parents in the U.S. with the adoption process.
Marissa told Enoch about the calling she felt from God to take things a step further and become an overseas missionary.
Enoch didn’t object and accompanied her on their first mission trip together to Guatemala in 2004. Enoch, who has considered becoming a pastor, said he found the experience rewarding and it planted a seed for further spiritual growth.
“When God brought us together he grew that hunger for (mission work) between us. ...,” Enoch said. “We prayed about it and confirmed it in a number of ways.”
One confirmation of God’s intentions, Enoch said, came during a trip to Lexington before one overseas mission when Marissa was a bit discouraged. About that time a car passed with “Go Now Go” on the license plate, the same message Marissa had felt God telling her.
In Guatemala they worked at an orphanage and handed out food to those in need. They married the next year and participated in another mission, this time to Africa, in 2006.
Last year, in Vietnam and Cambodia, they helped coordinate adoptions with parents in the U.S. Enoch, trained to be a physical education teacher at Morehead State University, also played with children and taught them how to care for themselves.
The Eubanks said many of the children had nothing and lived in squalor until they were taken in at the orphanage.
The orphans often come from broken homes, where the father, the family breadwinner, is dead or unable to work. Some scavenged in local dumps for food and clothing, the Eubanks said.
If they were hurt, the Eubanks said, the children had access to no sort of medical care.
The missionaries bring food, medicine and other supplies to the orphanages. This is critical, the Eubanks stress, because both nations have no system of social services like we have here in the U.S.
On their upcoming trip, Marissa says they will spend six months in language training so they can better communicate with people there before continuing with their efforts to spur foreign adoption and spread Christianity.
Enoch said living in Vietnam and Cambodia on a long-term basis will give them the time they need to make a lasting effect.
“We will be able to get settled in somewhere and not just get a foundation started on a building, pass out some clothes and it’s time to go home,” he said. “We started praying that God would show us a specific place (to serve God).”
They say they will receive financial support during their mission from the church they now attend, Jeffersonville Baptist. Donations can be sent to the church at 145 Ky. Hwy. 599, Jeffersonville, Ky. 40337. In the memo portion of the check you should note “Eubanks support.”
WISCO eyeing overseas iron ore assets
CHINA DAILY
By Tan Yingzi and Jiang Wei (chinadaily.com.cn)
2009-03-06
Wuhan Iron & Steel Group (WISCO) is planning to acquire iron ore assets in Australia and Cambodia, according to its president Deng Qilin.
He made his remarks at the sidelines of the ongoing session of the National People's Congress but declined to elaborate further.
Deng, who is also chairman of the China Iron & Steel Association, said iron ore prices in the long-term agreement must be cut this year from a year ago as demand from steel makers in Europe, United States and Japan have fallen.
The company also urged the central government to increase tax rebates on exports of high-end steel products.
Deng expected the country to speed up restructuring in the steel industry through mergers and shutting down backward capacities.
2009-03-06
Wuhan Iron & Steel Group (WISCO) is planning to acquire iron ore assets in Australia and Cambodia, according to its president Deng Qilin.
He made his remarks at the sidelines of the ongoing session of the National People's Congress but declined to elaborate further.
Deng, who is also chairman of the China Iron & Steel Association, said iron ore prices in the long-term agreement must be cut this year from a year ago as demand from steel makers in Europe, United States and Japan have fallen.
The company also urged the central government to increase tax rebates on exports of high-end steel products.
Deng expected the country to speed up restructuring in the steel industry through mergers and shutting down backward capacities.
Cambodian Economy To Contract 0.5% - IMF
PHNOM PENH (AFP)--Cambodia's economy will shrink by 0.5% this year, the International Monetary Fund said Friday, lowering its earlier prediction as the country is hit by the global financial crisis.
In a press statement the IMF said the poverty-stricken country wouldn't make the target set late last year of 4.8% growth in 2009.
"The global economic contraction and financial crisis are increasingly affecting Cambodia's economy," the statement said.
Cambodia has seen sharp declines in garment exports to the U.S. and Europe as well as fewer tourist visits, the financial institution said.
It added that there has been a rapid slowdown in construction and foreign investment as the country's economy is doused after enjoying several years of double-digit growth.
The statement recommended that the Cambodian government help stimulate growth by allowing its budget deficit to rise to around 4.75% of gross domestic product - a significant increase from its 2% deficit last year.
Despite recent growth, underemployment, where someone's work earns only a meager return, remains high in Cambodia, one of the world's poorest countries.
Some 35% of the country's 14 million people live on less than $0.50 a day.
In a press statement the IMF said the poverty-stricken country wouldn't make the target set late last year of 4.8% growth in 2009.
"The global economic contraction and financial crisis are increasingly affecting Cambodia's economy," the statement said.
Cambodia has seen sharp declines in garment exports to the U.S. and Europe as well as fewer tourist visits, the financial institution said.
It added that there has been a rapid slowdown in construction and foreign investment as the country's economy is doused after enjoying several years of double-digit growth.
The statement recommended that the Cambodian government help stimulate growth by allowing its budget deficit to rise to around 4.75% of gross domestic product - a significant increase from its 2% deficit last year.
Despite recent growth, underemployment, where someone's work earns only a meager return, remains high in Cambodia, one of the world's poorest countries.
Some 35% of the country's 14 million people live on less than $0.50 a day.
Boom to bust in Cambodia
Asia Times Online
Southeast Asia
Mar 7, 2009
By Tim Sturrock
PHNOM PENH - Potential buyers at the entrance to the Grand Phnom Penh International City pass through a 29-meter-high, 42-meter-wide arched gateway topped with 18 life-size bronze stallions, only to arrive at a moonscape of bulldozed earth and ditches.
When the project was unveiled in 2006, it proposed 4,000 residential villas and apartments at a projected cost of US$500 million. The joint Cambodian and Indonesian developers' promotional material promised the convenience of a shopping center and an international school surrounded by the beauty of ponds and manicured lawns, as well as a golf course and driving range.
Of the 4,000 units in the original plans, only 21 villas will be ready by April, followed by around 100 more units by the end of the year, Grand Phnom Penh marketing director Nhem Sothea said. Only 138 units, including 44 shops, have so far been purchased.
The first phase was to include 500 units, and that goal is unlikely to be met, Nhem Sothea said. Most sales so far, with buyers paying $99,000 for 42-square-meter terraced houses or $138,000 for 92-square-meter townhouses, occurred before the global economic crisis hit late last year. No one has yet purchased any of the properties billed at over $750,000.
"The market is really bad," Nhem Sothea said at his on-site sales office. "The market is not really up to expectation. The future of the project depends on demand."
Grand Phnom Penh is just one of a half-dozen so-called "satellite cities" that property developers once promised would serve as suburban getaways for Phnom Penh's growing affluent and expatriate populations. But those plans, worth a combined $3.5 billion, were conjured when Cambodia's property market was booming; developers now say they may scale back or delay indefinitely their ambitions.
Banks have already restricted loans for real estate as economic growth has slowed and as property prices have dropped - in the city center by about 25% since last July, and in the outskirts by 30%. Cambodia's gross domestic product growth is projected to fall below 5% this year, a sharp decline from the heady double-digit expansion the economy averaged from 2004 to 2007.
The global crisis is taking a toll on Cambodia's main economic growth engines: garments, tourism and property. There were some indications of a property bubble even before the global economic and financial collapse. As local property prices soared, the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) in mid-2008 restricted access to loans by doubling banks' foreign currency reserve requirement to 16% from 8%. The NBC also capped the amount of real estate loans banks could make at 15% of their portfolios.
The central bank in February repealed those restrictions in response to a rapid decline in the property market. An International Monetary Fund report last month said Cambodian banks and the NBC needed to improve management of risks and banking supervision to avoid failing loans, which it said appeared to be rising.
Bulls to bears
While developers insist that their projects remain viable and have secure financing, the assertions come against plunging demand and a short supply of lending to potential buyers. Sung Bonna, president of Bonna Realty, said that speculators a year ago were buying up real estate with hopes to sell it later to developers for a profit. "Now even in general property in the city center there is not so much demand."
He predicted that at the most, only 30% of satellite city units could be purchased by Cambodians and urged the government to make Cambodian real estate more appealing to overseas buyers. Foreigners are at present barred from buying condominium units in Cambodia.
Indications of a slowdown are ubiquitous. Along the city's Tonle Bassac riverside, billboards for the satellite city Diamond Island City, planned for nearby Koh Pich island, show a so-far nonexistent metropolis that looks as if it were rendered by utopian cubists or futurists.
When the Overseas Cambodia Investment Corporation (OCIC) unveiled Diamond Island City in 2006, during the days of Cambodia's go-go property boom, the plan included a hospital, restaurants, a shopping center, park and series of homes, some with personal swimming pools, that ranged in price from $280,000 to $1 million.
Investment in the Koh Pich project could drop by one-third to $800 million from $1.2 billion, said Touch Samnang, the project's manager and architect. That would likely entail trimming the number of units from 15,000 to 12,000, depending on demand, which he said has been affected by the global financial crisis. OCIC is still building bridges to the island, yet no units are under construction. Touch Samnang admitted pre-sales have not gone as well as anticipated.
Of the 168 units planned in the project's $28 million phase one known as "Elite Town", buyers have purchased only 40% after more than a month of sales, he said. That's a huge drop over the past few years, when units at other OCIC projects sold out in weeks. Elite Town will be delayed at least six months or until mid-2010, and the entire project could be finished in mid-2017, about 18 months behind schedule, he said.
Asia is only too familiar with the damage that can be wrought by a property collapse, seen in Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia during the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis. Stephen Higgins, chief executive officer at ANZ Royal Bank, the country's largest, said he did not anticipate the same problems that Bangkok and other Asian cities faced in 1997 when hundreds of buildings were left half-completed when financing dried up.
"Where Cambodia is fortunate is that a lot of these project haven't been constructed," he said in an interview, nor did most property-owners in Cambodia have mortgages so the market has some residual strength.
The problem now is that so many projects attempted to take advantage of the property boom at once. Higgins says the financial crisis has acted as a correction in some ways, possibly stopping all the projects from happening at once and flooding the market. "It will take a bit longer but that is not necessarily a bad thing," he said.
In northern Phnom Penh, the cranes are still swinging at Camko City, a $2 billion, 120-hectare satellite project that originally boasted plans for 6,000 units. The new economic situation may force a rethink, according to Kheng Ser, a marketing counselor for South Korean project developer World City.
He claims sales at Camko have been better than at rival developments, with 80% of the city's first phase 1,009 units of apartments, small villas and houses sold at prices of up to $330,000. According to Kheng Ser, the villas and houses will be completed this month and the tower blocks by the end of the year. However, designs are not complete on Camko's much larger phases two and three, he said.
Even the country's best-known tycoons are scaling back their property development plans. Sok Kong, president of Cambodian conglomerate Sokimex, said that he would delay plans on a 218-hectare satellite city to be called Beong Chhouk Township, though he said a land dispute was the main reason for the delay.
"We drew the master [plan] a while ago," he said by telephone. "I have to delay three or four years." He said he wants to focus his financial resources on his $1 billion Bokor Mountain development in Kampot and another hotel project on Phnom Penh's Chroy Changva peninsula.
Hard-hit Koreans
Meanwhile, South Korean-financed projects have faced some of the heaviest cutbacks. The global economic crisis, which has hit South Korea particularly hard, has leveled original plans for a proposed $300 million, 953-unit Pharos Mekong satellite city on five hectares of the Chroy Changva peninsula, according to an e-mail from Kheang Piv, a marketing manager for the Korean-owned project developer BK Asia Pacific.
He wrote that after the global financial crisis began, Korean finance dried up and the company could not get the money it needed to move forward. The company planned to start construction in December, but pulled back in November, Kheang Piv said. "It is not the right time for us to sell such kind of luxurious, high-end apartments. Eventually, we decided to keep our project on hold till the desirable time," he wrote.
The International Finance Complex is perhaps the largest South Korean-backed real estate project in Cambodia to feel the financial pinch. Korean firm GS Construction & Engineering broke ground in June on the IFC's seven skyscraper mixed-use complex near the Tonle Bassac. But the entire development has now been postponed until at least 2010, and then only three of the original planned seven buildings will be built. The project, originally projected to cost $1 billion, has been winnowed down to around $500 million.
In September, Korean firm Booyoung Company shelved plans for a development on a more-than-100-hectare expanse of land near Russian Boulevard because of uncertainty in the market, according to Jong-seon Choi, general manager for Booyoung in Phnom Penh. "We stopped because of the financial crisis," he said. "It's very uncertain."
The economic situation has also stifled less ambitious projects. At the proposed 500-unit, five-hectare Dream Town near Phnom Penh International Airport, only 30 units have been sold and its 2012 completion date will likely not be met, said Kong Vannsophy, manager of the project's developer, Cambodia Priority Property Investment.
"If we rush and no people buy, we lose money," he said. "A lot of other projects are facing these conditions."
ANZ Royal Bank's Higgins said the risks have grown regarding demand for Phnom Penh's satellite cities because many are in remote areas. "You would have to expect that the downturn in the property market will have some impact in those projects," he said. "By definition you are setting up in a new area, whereas if you set up in Phnom Penh you know there is going to be demand for it."
He said ANZ will not likely loan money to borrowers seeking to purchase property in satellite city projects. "It's difficult to say. We should not have a big appetite for it. We want to see something built."
Tim Sturrock is a Phnom Penh-based journalist. He may be reached at timsturrock@gmail.com
Southeast Asia
Mar 7, 2009
By Tim Sturrock
PHNOM PENH - Potential buyers at the entrance to the Grand Phnom Penh International City pass through a 29-meter-high, 42-meter-wide arched gateway topped with 18 life-size bronze stallions, only to arrive at a moonscape of bulldozed earth and ditches.
When the project was unveiled in 2006, it proposed 4,000 residential villas and apartments at a projected cost of US$500 million. The joint Cambodian and Indonesian developers' promotional material promised the convenience of a shopping center and an international school surrounded by the beauty of ponds and manicured lawns, as well as a golf course and driving range.
Of the 4,000 units in the original plans, only 21 villas will be ready by April, followed by around 100 more units by the end of the year, Grand Phnom Penh marketing director Nhem Sothea said. Only 138 units, including 44 shops, have so far been purchased.
The first phase was to include 500 units, and that goal is unlikely to be met, Nhem Sothea said. Most sales so far, with buyers paying $99,000 for 42-square-meter terraced houses or $138,000 for 92-square-meter townhouses, occurred before the global economic crisis hit late last year. No one has yet purchased any of the properties billed at over $750,000.
"The market is really bad," Nhem Sothea said at his on-site sales office. "The market is not really up to expectation. The future of the project depends on demand."
Grand Phnom Penh is just one of a half-dozen so-called "satellite cities" that property developers once promised would serve as suburban getaways for Phnom Penh's growing affluent and expatriate populations. But those plans, worth a combined $3.5 billion, were conjured when Cambodia's property market was booming; developers now say they may scale back or delay indefinitely their ambitions.
Banks have already restricted loans for real estate as economic growth has slowed and as property prices have dropped - in the city center by about 25% since last July, and in the outskirts by 30%. Cambodia's gross domestic product growth is projected to fall below 5% this year, a sharp decline from the heady double-digit expansion the economy averaged from 2004 to 2007.
The global crisis is taking a toll on Cambodia's main economic growth engines: garments, tourism and property. There were some indications of a property bubble even before the global economic and financial collapse. As local property prices soared, the National Bank of Cambodia (NBC) in mid-2008 restricted access to loans by doubling banks' foreign currency reserve requirement to 16% from 8%. The NBC also capped the amount of real estate loans banks could make at 15% of their portfolios.
The central bank in February repealed those restrictions in response to a rapid decline in the property market. An International Monetary Fund report last month said Cambodian banks and the NBC needed to improve management of risks and banking supervision to avoid failing loans, which it said appeared to be rising.
Bulls to bears
While developers insist that their projects remain viable and have secure financing, the assertions come against plunging demand and a short supply of lending to potential buyers. Sung Bonna, president of Bonna Realty, said that speculators a year ago were buying up real estate with hopes to sell it later to developers for a profit. "Now even in general property in the city center there is not so much demand."
He predicted that at the most, only 30% of satellite city units could be purchased by Cambodians and urged the government to make Cambodian real estate more appealing to overseas buyers. Foreigners are at present barred from buying condominium units in Cambodia.
Indications of a slowdown are ubiquitous. Along the city's Tonle Bassac riverside, billboards for the satellite city Diamond Island City, planned for nearby Koh Pich island, show a so-far nonexistent metropolis that looks as if it were rendered by utopian cubists or futurists.
When the Overseas Cambodia Investment Corporation (OCIC) unveiled Diamond Island City in 2006, during the days of Cambodia's go-go property boom, the plan included a hospital, restaurants, a shopping center, park and series of homes, some with personal swimming pools, that ranged in price from $280,000 to $1 million.
Investment in the Koh Pich project could drop by one-third to $800 million from $1.2 billion, said Touch Samnang, the project's manager and architect. That would likely entail trimming the number of units from 15,000 to 12,000, depending on demand, which he said has been affected by the global financial crisis. OCIC is still building bridges to the island, yet no units are under construction. Touch Samnang admitted pre-sales have not gone as well as anticipated.
Of the 168 units planned in the project's $28 million phase one known as "Elite Town", buyers have purchased only 40% after more than a month of sales, he said. That's a huge drop over the past few years, when units at other OCIC projects sold out in weeks. Elite Town will be delayed at least six months or until mid-2010, and the entire project could be finished in mid-2017, about 18 months behind schedule, he said.
Asia is only too familiar with the damage that can be wrought by a property collapse, seen in Thailand, South Korea and Indonesia during the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis. Stephen Higgins, chief executive officer at ANZ Royal Bank, the country's largest, said he did not anticipate the same problems that Bangkok and other Asian cities faced in 1997 when hundreds of buildings were left half-completed when financing dried up.
"Where Cambodia is fortunate is that a lot of these project haven't been constructed," he said in an interview, nor did most property-owners in Cambodia have mortgages so the market has some residual strength.
The problem now is that so many projects attempted to take advantage of the property boom at once. Higgins says the financial crisis has acted as a correction in some ways, possibly stopping all the projects from happening at once and flooding the market. "It will take a bit longer but that is not necessarily a bad thing," he said.
In northern Phnom Penh, the cranes are still swinging at Camko City, a $2 billion, 120-hectare satellite project that originally boasted plans for 6,000 units. The new economic situation may force a rethink, according to Kheng Ser, a marketing counselor for South Korean project developer World City.
He claims sales at Camko have been better than at rival developments, with 80% of the city's first phase 1,009 units of apartments, small villas and houses sold at prices of up to $330,000. According to Kheng Ser, the villas and houses will be completed this month and the tower blocks by the end of the year. However, designs are not complete on Camko's much larger phases two and three, he said.
Even the country's best-known tycoons are scaling back their property development plans. Sok Kong, president of Cambodian conglomerate Sokimex, said that he would delay plans on a 218-hectare satellite city to be called Beong Chhouk Township, though he said a land dispute was the main reason for the delay.
"We drew the master [plan] a while ago," he said by telephone. "I have to delay three or four years." He said he wants to focus his financial resources on his $1 billion Bokor Mountain development in Kampot and another hotel project on Phnom Penh's Chroy Changva peninsula.
Hard-hit Koreans
Meanwhile, South Korean-financed projects have faced some of the heaviest cutbacks. The global economic crisis, which has hit South Korea particularly hard, has leveled original plans for a proposed $300 million, 953-unit Pharos Mekong satellite city on five hectares of the Chroy Changva peninsula, according to an e-mail from Kheang Piv, a marketing manager for the Korean-owned project developer BK Asia Pacific.
He wrote that after the global financial crisis began, Korean finance dried up and the company could not get the money it needed to move forward. The company planned to start construction in December, but pulled back in November, Kheang Piv said. "It is not the right time for us to sell such kind of luxurious, high-end apartments. Eventually, we decided to keep our project on hold till the desirable time," he wrote.
The International Finance Complex is perhaps the largest South Korean-backed real estate project in Cambodia to feel the financial pinch. Korean firm GS Construction & Engineering broke ground in June on the IFC's seven skyscraper mixed-use complex near the Tonle Bassac. But the entire development has now been postponed until at least 2010, and then only three of the original planned seven buildings will be built. The project, originally projected to cost $1 billion, has been winnowed down to around $500 million.
In September, Korean firm Booyoung Company shelved plans for a development on a more-than-100-hectare expanse of land near Russian Boulevard because of uncertainty in the market, according to Jong-seon Choi, general manager for Booyoung in Phnom Penh. "We stopped because of the financial crisis," he said. "It's very uncertain."
The economic situation has also stifled less ambitious projects. At the proposed 500-unit, five-hectare Dream Town near Phnom Penh International Airport, only 30 units have been sold and its 2012 completion date will likely not be met, said Kong Vannsophy, manager of the project's developer, Cambodia Priority Property Investment.
"If we rush and no people buy, we lose money," he said. "A lot of other projects are facing these conditions."
ANZ Royal Bank's Higgins said the risks have grown regarding demand for Phnom Penh's satellite cities because many are in remote areas. "You would have to expect that the downturn in the property market will have some impact in those projects," he said. "By definition you are setting up in a new area, whereas if you set up in Phnom Penh you know there is going to be demand for it."
He said ANZ will not likely loan money to borrowers seeking to purchase property in satellite city projects. "It's difficult to say. We should not have a big appetite for it. We want to see something built."
Tim Sturrock is a Phnom Penh-based journalist. He may be reached at timsturrock@gmail.com
Low garment sales, poor tourism to hit Cambodia-IMF
Reuters - Saturday, March 7
PHNOM PENH, March 6 - A slowdown in garment exports and a drop in the number of tourists could cause Cambodia's economy to shrink 0.5 percent this year, the International Monetary Fund said on Friday.
That is a big turnaround from the 4.8 percent growth the IMF had forecast in November.
"Garment exports are under pressure due to sharply lower retail demand in the United States and European Union," it said in a statement after an IMF team ended a mission to the Southeast Asian country. Garments are Cambodia's biggest export earner.
Construction activity and foreign investment were also slow as external investors cut back, the IMF said said.
The World Bank projected foreign direct investment of around $800 million in 2008 and has said it could fall "probably to below $600 million" in 2009.
PHNOM PENH, March 6 - A slowdown in garment exports and a drop in the number of tourists could cause Cambodia's economy to shrink 0.5 percent this year, the International Monetary Fund said on Friday.
That is a big turnaround from the 4.8 percent growth the IMF had forecast in November.
"Garment exports are under pressure due to sharply lower retail demand in the United States and European Union," it said in a statement after an IMF team ended a mission to the Southeast Asian country. Garments are Cambodia's biggest export earner.
Construction activity and foreign investment were also slow as external investors cut back, the IMF said said.
The World Bank projected foreign direct investment of around $800 million in 2008 and has said it could fall "probably to below $600 million" in 2009.
Monitors Worry Over Tribunal Gag Order
By Kong Sothanarith, VOA KhmerOriginal report from Phnom Penh
06 March 2009
A group of seven Khmer Rouge tribunal monitors expressed concern Friday over court gag order for a Web site managed by one of the defense teams earlier this week.
In a joint statement Friday, the monitoring groups said an order by investigating judges that Ieng Sary’s defense remove documents from its Web site, on the basis of confidentiality, applied “a harsh rule that unnecessarily limits public information.”
“Transparency is an essential condition of all public institutions, including courts, as a foundation for public confidence and a bulwark against corruption and improper political influence,” the groups said.
Investigating judges ordered the defense team to take three documents off its Web site Tuesday, including the refusal of the tribunal to grant a psychiatrist to Ieng Sary, who is 84 and in the poorest health of five jailed leaders of the regime.
The defense team, which took down the documents, has said the pages were not confidential and that the legal reasoning of the judges was flawed. The team has appealed the order.
Meanwhile, the seven non-governmental organizations said the order and its justification of confidentiality were a reflection of a failure by tribunal judges to meet the demands of the public.
“The Office of Co-Investigating Judges has failed to meet public demands and expectations for a reasonable level of disclosure of information regarding the pre-trial phase, and to fulfill their promises to make more information public,” the groups said.
The monitoring groups are the Cambodian Defenders Project, Cambodian Human Rights and Development Association, Center for Social Development, Khmer Institute of Democracy, International Center for Transitional Justice, Asian International Justice Initiative and Cambodia Justice Initiative.
Sok Samoeun, executive director of the Cambodian Defenders Project and chairman of the Cambodian Human Rights Action Committee, told VOA Khmer Friday the order from the investigating judges came abruptly and without warning.
The monitors “did not see the impact on the confidentiality of the case of the accused,” he said. “We wish that in the future co-investigating judges be patient and find clear measures to avoid controversy.”
Marcel Lemonde, one of two investigating judges who issued the gag order, told VOA Khmer the question of confidentiality was “complicated” and needed much explanation. The decision was made on judicial principals, he said.
“I believe that there are necessities for further explanation from the tribunal side in general and from the co-investigating judges in particular,” he said. “And then we have a wish to organize the discussion with the media and with NGOs on that question of transparency.”
Tribunal Rules Revamped for Expediency
By Chun Sakada, VOA Khmer
Original report from Phnom Penh
06 March 2009
More than two dozen internal rules for the Khmer Rouge tribunal were refined this week, further speeding tasks of the hybrid courts, officials announced Friday at the close of a biannual meeting.
In their fifth plenary session, judges and prosecutors decided on amendments to 27 of the internal rules of the court that “reflect efforts at harmonization,” in an effort “to streamline and expedite court proceedings,” the judicial officers said in a statement.
Tribunal spokesman Reach Sambath said the amendments were important for improving tribunal proceedings.
“National and international judges and prosecutors passed the amendments in some of the internal rules to work on advancing the success of their work in the court in the upcoming period,” he said.
The jurists met amid lingering concerns the tribunal could see its funding disappear if donors do not contribute more. But that has been made difficult, with allegations of corruption and mismanagement still dogging the court, even as its first trial, for prison chief Kaing Kek Iev, approaches.
Lath Ky, a coordinator at the tribunal for the rights group Adhoc, told VOA Khmer the results of the meeting were not completely acceptable.
“There are some negatives,” he said. “According to the results of the amendments, the Khmer Rouge tribunal does not encourage the participation of civil parties in tribunal process. I am very concerned about the participation of the civil parties, which is likely restricted or reduced.”
The new rules will hasten the accreditation of investigators and the calling of witnesses, among other streamlining procedures, including improving appeals to the Supreme Court Chamber of the special court.
The officers were also briefed on the “trial management challenges” of having so many victims filing for court proceedings, the statement said.
Original report from Phnom Penh
06 March 2009
More than two dozen internal rules for the Khmer Rouge tribunal were refined this week, further speeding tasks of the hybrid courts, officials announced Friday at the close of a biannual meeting.
In their fifth plenary session, judges and prosecutors decided on amendments to 27 of the internal rules of the court that “reflect efforts at harmonization,” in an effort “to streamline and expedite court proceedings,” the judicial officers said in a statement.
Tribunal spokesman Reach Sambath said the amendments were important for improving tribunal proceedings.
“National and international judges and prosecutors passed the amendments in some of the internal rules to work on advancing the success of their work in the court in the upcoming period,” he said.
The jurists met amid lingering concerns the tribunal could see its funding disappear if donors do not contribute more. But that has been made difficult, with allegations of corruption and mismanagement still dogging the court, even as its first trial, for prison chief Kaing Kek Iev, approaches.
Lath Ky, a coordinator at the tribunal for the rights group Adhoc, told VOA Khmer the results of the meeting were not completely acceptable.
“There are some negatives,” he said. “According to the results of the amendments, the Khmer Rouge tribunal does not encourage the participation of civil parties in tribunal process. I am very concerned about the participation of the civil parties, which is likely restricted or reduced.”
The new rules will hasten the accreditation of investigators and the calling of witnesses, among other streamlining procedures, including improving appeals to the Supreme Court Chamber of the special court.
The officers were also briefed on the “trial management challenges” of having so many victims filing for court proceedings, the statement said.
Hun Sen says gambling campaign over
Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen says football betting was the cause of many social problems. [Radio Australia] Australia Network News
Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen has declared victory in his fight against football betting shops in Phnom Penh.
Last month, the prime minister blamed football betting, along with slot machine games, for causing social disorder, domestic violence, divorce and robbery.
Kyodo news agency reports the prime minister has now announced his campaign to close the shops is over.
CamboSix, the largest football-betting agency in Cambodia, was given a 10-year licence as the only legal operator of football betting in Cambodia in 2001.
But that licence is now said to have been cancelled.
Hun Sen also says he'll set up a panel of legal experts to study other forms of game-related betting.
Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Sen has declared victory in his fight against football betting shops in Phnom Penh.
Last month, the prime minister blamed football betting, along with slot machine games, for causing social disorder, domestic violence, divorce and robbery.
Kyodo news agency reports the prime minister has now announced his campaign to close the shops is over.
CamboSix, the largest football-betting agency in Cambodia, was given a 10-year licence as the only legal operator of football betting in Cambodia in 2001.
But that licence is now said to have been cancelled.
Hun Sen also says he'll set up a panel of legal experts to study other forms of game-related betting.
Cambodia's representative presents credentials to ASEAN
MCOT English News
JAKARTA, March 6 (VNA) - Cambodia's Permanent Representative to ASEAN Kan Pharidh presented credentials to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan on Mar. 5.
"Ambassador Kan's many years of experience in ASEAN affairs will, no doubt, contribute positively to the Committee of Permanent Representatives, now being formed. I look forward to working with him on building our ASEAN Community," a press release issued by the ASEAN Secretariat quoted Secretary General Surin as saying.
Ambassador Kan is concurrently Cambodia's Ambassador to the Republic of Indonesia.
ASEAN has so far received credentials from the Permanent Representatives of four member countries. They are Singapore, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. (VNA)
JAKARTA, March 6 (VNA) - Cambodia's Permanent Representative to ASEAN Kan Pharidh presented credentials to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Secretary-General Surin Pitsuwan on Mar. 5.
"Ambassador Kan's many years of experience in ASEAN affairs will, no doubt, contribute positively to the Committee of Permanent Representatives, now being formed. I look forward to working with him on building our ASEAN Community," a press release issued by the ASEAN Secretariat quoted Secretary General Surin as saying.
Ambassador Kan is concurrently Cambodia's Ambassador to the Republic of Indonesia.
ASEAN has so far received credentials from the Permanent Representatives of four member countries. They are Singapore, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia. (VNA)
Friday, 6 March 2009
KPNLF commemoration
Photo by: BRENDAN BRADY Prince Norodom Ranariddh inspects a monument to KPNLF resistance fighters Thursday in Kandal province.
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by Brendan Brady and Kouth Sophak Chakrya
Friday, 06 March 2009
Former border resistance leaders stand by antagonism towards Vietnamese.
A WHO'S who of anti-Vietnamese leaders of the 1980s gathered at a stupa in Kandal province Thursday to commemorate resistance fighters who had died as part of the movement's effort to expel the foreign power.
The Khmer National Liberation Front (KPNLF) was one of the main resistance groups to emerge along the Thai border following the fall of the Khmer Rouge by Vietnamese forces and their subsequent administrative takeover of Cambodia.
Former KPNLF army and political leaders inaugurated a monument with inscriptions of the names of resistance fighters who died between 1979 and 1991 at a ceremony in Kien Svay district.
Chuor Kim Meng, who had been a lieutenant general for the movement's military wing, said the resistance helped push the Vietnamese out and forced the local officials it had installed to accept multiparty democracy.
"If not for these fighters, Vietnam may have continued to occupy Cambodia," he said.
Dien Del, former chief of staff of the group's army, said the event "preserve the memory of those who died expelling the Vietnamese occupiers".
Prince Norodom Ranariddh, the guest of honour, praised the resistance. "I have never forgotten its fighters who died," he said. He, too, described the Vietnamese troops in Cambodia at that time as "invaders" and "occupiers".
While there was no official condemnation from the government, the commemoration should have proved controversial as the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) evolved from the People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea (PRPK), the regime that governed Cambodia under the control of Vietnamese forces.
Written by Brendan Brady and Kouth Sophak Chakrya
Friday, 06 March 2009
Former border resistance leaders stand by antagonism towards Vietnamese.
A WHO'S who of anti-Vietnamese leaders of the 1980s gathered at a stupa in Kandal province Thursday to commemorate resistance fighters who had died as part of the movement's effort to expel the foreign power.
The Khmer National Liberation Front (KPNLF) was one of the main resistance groups to emerge along the Thai border following the fall of the Khmer Rouge by Vietnamese forces and their subsequent administrative takeover of Cambodia.
Former KPNLF army and political leaders inaugurated a monument with inscriptions of the names of resistance fighters who died between 1979 and 1991 at a ceremony in Kien Svay district.
Chuor Kim Meng, who had been a lieutenant general for the movement's military wing, said the resistance helped push the Vietnamese out and forced the local officials it had installed to accept multiparty democracy.
"If not for these fighters, Vietnam may have continued to occupy Cambodia," he said.
Dien Del, former chief of staff of the group's army, said the event "preserve the memory of those who died expelling the Vietnamese occupiers".
Prince Norodom Ranariddh, the guest of honour, praised the resistance. "I have never forgotten its fighters who died," he said. He, too, described the Vietnamese troops in Cambodia at that time as "invaders" and "occupiers".
While there was no official condemnation from the government, the commemoration should have proved controversial as the ruling Cambodian People's Party (CPP) evolved from the People's Revolutionary Party of Kampuchea (PRPK), the regime that governed Cambodia under the control of Vietnamese forces.
Photo by: Brendan Brady Son Soubert (left), son of the Front's founder, prays as Ranariddh lays a wreath on a monument to the movement's fallen soldiers.
KR alliance necessary
Son Soubert, son of Son Sann, founder and former president of the KPNLF and himself a participant in the movement's administration, said he had sent a letter of invitation to Prime Minister Hun Sen, Senate President Chea Sim and Deputy Prime Minister Sok An. Only Chea Sim responded, saying he had other obligations.
Cheam Yeap, a senior CPP lawmaker, criticised the KPNLF for characterizing the Vietnamese as enemies.
"Vietnamese troops did not invade Cambodia," he told the Post by phone. "They came to help Cambodia from the Pol Pot regime - we should be thankful to the Vietnamese."
The exit of Vietnamese forces in 1989 came about not from resistance pressure from the border but because the PRPK was ready to rule on its own, he contended.
Opposition party representatives present at the ceremony, however, insisted the Front's cause was righteous and attributed the exit of Vietnam to its efforts.
"They fought for our freedom and sovereignty - that represents Khmer nationalism at its purest," said Human Rights Party President Kem Sokha.
Sam Rainsy Party spokesman Son Chhay had been the KPNLF's representative in southern Australia, where he was based then. "Without the resistance from the border, we would not have had the Paris Peace Accords," he said.
Nationalism first
The KPNLF started in 1979, recruiting some of the hundreds of thousands of Cambodian refugees seeking sanctuary along the border with Thailand.
Its key figures had held prominent positions in the administrations of Sihanouk and right-wing general Lon Nol, and were unified in their opposition to communism and to the presence of Vietnamese forces in the country.
The Front was seen by the US and other Western allies as the most reliably anti-communist and pro-Western group in Cambodia.
In its effort to drive out the Vietnamese, the Front struck an awkward alliance with remnants of the Khmer Rouge. In 1982 the KPNLF entered the tripartite Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea.
The new coalition included the Party of Democratic Kampuchea, a splinter group of the defeated Khmer Rouge led by Khieu Samphan, and the royalist resistance movement known as Funcinpec, and represented Cambodia at the United Nations.
For the former leaders of the Front, the alliance with their ideological counterparts was a necessary evil.
"Son Sann always said the country is more important than the party or faction," said Pol Ham, who had been the Front's Information Minister.
"We hated the Khmer Rouge, but at that time we had to prioritise - and the foreign occupiers were the first enemy. We formed a coalition but kept our own identity."
Son Soubert was adamant the Front had never "joined" the Khmer Rouge.
"We were forced to enter a temporary coalition to achieve our goals," he said.
Funcinpec Senator Sabu Bacha, a former general of the Front's army, said the dire circumstances required divisions among Cambodians be put aside "so first we could expel foreign troops from our soil".
Focus in demining shifts to victim aid
Photo by: VINH DAO/MELON ROUGELand mine victim Soeun Ngeo works on a container oven at Development Technology Workshop in Phnom Penh. Experts say more job opportunities for land mine victims are needed to meet Cambodia's demining MDG.
A four-part look at cambodia's mdgs
Last year marked the midway point for achieving the Millennium Development Goals, benchmarks for developing countries established in 2000 that cover everything from poverty to environmental sustainability. Last year also marked the five-year anniversary of the adoption of Cambodia's Millennium Development Goals, the localised versions of the global goals. In a four-part series, the Post looks at the progress made and the challenges that remain in achieving targets set for 2010 and 2015, drawing on government data as well as interviews with officials, NGO workers and Cambodians who stand to benefit from the effort. Part Three focuses on a goal unique to Cambodia: demining, UXO and victim assistance.
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by Robbie Corey-Boulet
Friday, 06 March 2009
Fall in casualties prompts push for more land mine victim aid
Despite recent gains, experts say it remains unclear whether the Cambodia-specific Millennium Development Goal related to demining will be achieved by 2015.
NOUN Samoeun, 44, took a roundabout route to fulfilling his boyhood dream of operating massive machines for a living.
The Prey Veng province native served as a soldier in the army until, in 1995, he stepped on a land mine in Oddar Meanchey's Anlong Veng district and lost the bottom half of his right leg in the ensuing explosion.
He spent the next three years earning US$20 per month playing guitar at various army compounds, a job he left when a friend told him about a company recruiting land mine victims in Phnom Penh.
In the 10 years since he was hired by that company - a design and engineering nonprofit called Development Technology Workshop (DTW) - Noun Samoeun has learned how to drill, weld, shape metal with a lathe and operate the three-tonne Tempest, an all-terrain land mine clearance machine designed to slash through vegetation and trip-wire.
"Yes, I like this job very much," Noun Samoeun said with a laugh during an interview Tuesday on the floor of DTW's 1,000-square-metre workshop. He now earns $200 per month, enough to support his wife and three children, and said he plans to stay at DTW "as long as possible".
Chea Sophal, DTW's production manager, said the Phnom Penh office has hired and trained at least 30 land mine victims since it opened in 1998. The company's website notes that it strives to prepare disabled employees such as Noun Samoeun to compete for a range of metalworking jobs.
In recent interviews, several land mine experts called for a concerted effort to increase the number of job training and employment opportunities for victims of land mines and explosive remnants of war (ERW). Cambodia's recent success in lowering the incidence of land mine and ERW injuries and fatalities, they said, means more resources should now be allocated to victim assistance.
Such an effort could help Cambodia meet the social integration component of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) pertaining to demining, they said, giving voice to the now widely held view that victim assistance must encompass more than physical rehabilitation.
"The understanding of what victim assistance means has considerably evolved since the development of the MDG" in 2003, said Hugo Hotte, a humanitarian mine action program manager for Handicap International Belgium, who argued that vocational training and psychological support are forms of assistance that should be provided. "It is now understood in a more holistic way."
The casualty drop
Between 1994 and 2005, the number of land mine and ERW casualties - a statistic that includes both fatalities and injuries - fell from 2,966 to 875, according to data provided by the Cambodian Mine/UXO Victim Information System (CMVIS).
Though this amounted to a decline of more than 70 percent, the total was still higher than the 2005 interim target of 500. Moreover, it had increased from 772 in 2003, the year Cambodia's MDGs were adopted. As a result, the Ministry of Planning, in its 2005 assessment of MDG progress, cited the statistic as one of the chief shortfalls of the entire MDG effort.
But the following year, the casualty total dropped by nearly half, from 875 to 450, marking the beginning of a trend that has continued: Only 266 casualties were recorded in 2008.
Fatality statistics provide perhaps the most dramatic indication of recent progress. Between 2000 and 2005, 962 people died in land mine or ERW explosions. Between 2006 and 2008, that number fell to 173.
Asked to explain the gains, Leng Sochea, deputy secretary general of the Cambodia Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority (CMAVAA), highlighted the increased involvement of villagers in the planning of mine clearance efforts. As the result of a subdecree implemented in 2005, Mine Action Planning Units (MAPUs) appointed by provincial governors have been established to consult residents of mine-affected communities to identify those areas most in need of clearance.
The other main reason for the casualty decline, said Plong Chhaya, child protection project officer at Unicef, has been an improvement in education and awareness efforts. He said these have become more effective at targetting high-risk groups such as scrap-metal dealers and scavengers.
Plong Chhaya pointed out one example from 2006 in which police formed a UXO Working Group designed to educate scrap-metal dealers and scavengers about the Law on the Management of Weapons, Explosives and Ammunition. The law outlines clear penalties for those caught violating its restrictions on the handling of explosive material.
Hotte also said law enforcement deserved credit for its contributions to the casualty decline, but he noted that certain factors - such as the drop in the price of scrap metal, which he said has pushed its collection "more and more to the margins" - could not be directly influenced by police, government officials or civil society groups.
Because so many different factors can affect the overall casualty rate, he said, "it's really hard to make the call" as to whether Cambodia will achieve its MDG target of eliminating casualties by 2015.
Clearance efforts
Another target under the demining MDG is to clear all contaminated land. Cambodia came within less than a single percentage point of meeting the 2005 interim target of 51 percent, and Melissa Sabatier, mine action project manager for the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), said clearance practices have become even more effective since then.
Between 1992 and 2008, more than 476 million square metres of land were cleared, according to statistics compiled by humanitarian demining operators and the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces. In that same period, 814,198 anti-personnel mines, 19,109 anti-tank mines and 1,740,831 ERWs were found and destroyed.
Lay Khim, the leader of UNDP's environment and energy cluster team, said his office has been working "to make the best use" of cleared land, which he said could aid efforts to meet some targets under Millennium Development Goal No 7: Ensure environmental sustainability. In particular, he said, his office has funnelled small grants into projects such as water sanitation, the improvement of which is a target under the goal, in heavily mined provinces such as Battambang, which experiences far more land mine and ERW casualties than any other in the Kingdom.
Help for victims
As with casualties and clearance, steps have also been taken since 2005 to meet the two targets related to victim assistance.
The first is to develop and implement a comprehensive victim assistance framework. That task has been delegated to the Ministry of Social Affairs, Veterans and Youth Rehabilitation and to the Disability Action Council, said CMAVAA's Leng Sochea, to ensure that efforts to assist landmine and ERW victims are integrated with government strategies to assist all people with disabilities.
Last year the Council of Ministers approved the Kingdom's first law designed to promote and protect the rights of disabled people. In addition, said Hotte, a national action plan for disabled people, including survivors of land mines and ERW, was finalised last month. Leng Sochea said the plan would be presented to Prime Minister Hun Sen's office later this year.
The other assistance-related target deals with the number of land mine and ERW victims receiving an assistance package and being "integrated into the society". As of the 2005 Ministry of Planning assessment, the target had not yet been set. Chhiv Lim, project manager at CMVIS, said however, that the Cambodian Red Cross, in conjunction with CMVIS, is currently collecting information on services given to land mine survivors and plans to make that information available this year.
Ny Nhar, a spokesperson for Jesuit Service Cambodia, which advocates on behalf of land mine victims, said those providing assistance packages need to take into account the needs of individual victims.
Existing assistance packages "do not always work for victims living in the countryside", he said.
Soeun Ngeo, 38, who works with Noun Samoeun at DTW, said many mine victims in his home province of Kampong Speu have been unable to find work and have not benefited from the type of medical and other services he receives in Phnom Penh.
A former soldier, Soeun Ngeo lost part of his left leg when he stepped on a land mine in 1988 in Kampong Speu. He spent 10 years repairing motorbikes in Phnom Penh before landing a job at DTW, which pays him just enough - $170 per month - to support his wife and four daughters.
He said he enjoys the work, which on Tuesday involved the assembly of a container oven, but said he wants to learn, like Noun Samoeun has, how to operate machines.
Also like Noun Samoeun, Soeun Ngeo said he wants to stay at DTW as long as he can, adding that he knows he is lucky to have found a job that offers decent pay and the opportunity for career advancement.
An ever-present threat
As officials work toward the social integration of more land mine victims like Soeun Ngeo, several experts said they must remain mindful of the casualty rate, as the threat of an increase has not yet been eliminated.
And 2009 got off to a bad start. The monthly CMVIS-produced casualty report recorded 34 victims in January, including nine deaths and three injuries serious enough to require amputation. This was up from 22 casualties in December 2008 and 26 in January 2008. It marked the first time in at least two years that a monthly casualty total exceeded the total for the same month in the previous year.
Despite this setback, Leng Sochea said he believes further coordination of clearance efforts will lead to a continuing drop in the number of casualties. In concert with victim assistance, he said, these efforts can ultimately minimize "the impact of landmines on Cambodia's development".
Ke Kim Yan to combat drugs
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by Thet Sambath and Tom Hunter
Friday, 06 March 2009
PRIME Minister Hun Sen confirmed Thursday the elevation of former army head General Ke Kim Yan to the post of deputy prime minister in charge of anti-drug trafficking.
"In the near future, General Ke Kim Yan will be appointed deputy prime minister, and he will be the chairman of the National Authority for Combating Drugs," Hun Sen said at the closing session of the Ministry of Interior's annual meeting.
"This network for combating drugs must be strong, [so] I am bringing in a general of RCAF to fight against drugs."
The authority's Deputy Secretary General Chan Ven said the request for the promotion was received Tuesday by the National Assembly, but that the body's Permanent Committee, currently in recess, had not yet been called to convene an extraordinary session to discuss the issue.
"We need two or three days' notice to invite them to attend an extraordinary session", he said, adding that the Assembly's recess will wind up at the end of the month.
Permanent Committee member Cheam Yeap said Thursday there had so far been no call for an extraordinary session to consider the appointment of Ke Kim Yan, who was removed as head of the army in January.
Written by Thet Sambath and Tom Hunter
Friday, 06 March 2009
PRIME Minister Hun Sen confirmed Thursday the elevation of former army head General Ke Kim Yan to the post of deputy prime minister in charge of anti-drug trafficking.
"In the near future, General Ke Kim Yan will be appointed deputy prime minister, and he will be the chairman of the National Authority for Combating Drugs," Hun Sen said at the closing session of the Ministry of Interior's annual meeting.
"This network for combating drugs must be strong, [so] I am bringing in a general of RCAF to fight against drugs."
The authority's Deputy Secretary General Chan Ven said the request for the promotion was received Tuesday by the National Assembly, but that the body's Permanent Committee, currently in recess, had not yet been called to convene an extraordinary session to discuss the issue.
"We need two or three days' notice to invite them to attend an extraordinary session", he said, adding that the Assembly's recess will wind up at the end of the month.
Permanent Committee member Cheam Yeap said Thursday there had so far been no call for an extraordinary session to consider the appointment of Ke Kim Yan, who was removed as head of the army in January.
Poverty to be targeted by USAID program
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by Post Staff
Friday, 06 March 2009
THE United States this week launched a US$21 million program aimed at helping to alleviate poverty by helping farmers and others in Cambodia's impoverished countryside increase their earnings, the US embassy said Thursday.
The economic growth initiative, which will unfold over four years, also aims to create a better investment climate between entrepreneurs and local or national government offices, the embassy said in a statement.
"This program is built on the idea that if you provide the Cambodian people with the tools they need to succeed, they will do great things," US ambassador to Cambodia Carol Rodley said at a reception to kick off the new program.
The launch comes amid growing ties between the US and Cambodia, which has been the beneficiary of an increasing amount of aid - including military assistance - from Washington.
Previous economic development programs, administered through USAID, have helped more than 1,600 small businesses increase their sales by as much as 500 percent, generating new revenues of $6.5 million on an initial investment of $1.5 million, the embassy statement said.
More than a third of Cambodians still remain mired in poverty, according to government statistics.
The effects of the global financial crisis are thought to have dramatically lowered the standard of living for hundreds of thousands more, international financial institutions like the Asian Development Bank have said.
Written by Post Staff
Friday, 06 March 2009
THE United States this week launched a US$21 million program aimed at helping to alleviate poverty by helping farmers and others in Cambodia's impoverished countryside increase their earnings, the US embassy said Thursday.
The economic growth initiative, which will unfold over four years, also aims to create a better investment climate between entrepreneurs and local or national government offices, the embassy said in a statement.
"This program is built on the idea that if you provide the Cambodian people with the tools they need to succeed, they will do great things," US ambassador to Cambodia Carol Rodley said at a reception to kick off the new program.
The launch comes amid growing ties between the US and Cambodia, which has been the beneficiary of an increasing amount of aid - including military assistance - from Washington.
Previous economic development programs, administered through USAID, have helped more than 1,600 small businesses increase their sales by as much as 500 percent, generating new revenues of $6.5 million on an initial investment of $1.5 million, the embassy statement said.
More than a third of Cambodians still remain mired in poverty, according to government statistics.
The effects of the global financial crisis are thought to have dramatically lowered the standard of living for hundreds of thousands more, international financial institutions like the Asian Development Bank have said.
Opposition activist 'accidentally' shot, killed by policeman
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by Meas Sokchea
Friday, 06 March 2009
SRP activist Ven Veth was killed by a police officer Wednesday, with family of the victim treating the circumstances as suspicious.
AN activist with the opposition Sam Rainsy Party was shot dead by a policeman on Wednesday in Kampong Cham province. But the victim's family and the police dispute the circumstances surrounding his death.
The victim, Ven Veth, who was 45, was killed by In Pheang, a policeman in Battalion 617, using an AK-47. The incident took place in Por Phlam village, Cham commune, in Memot district.
Ven Veth's father-in-law, Bin Bao, said he witnessed the killing Wednesday afternoon. He told the Post Thursday that In Pheang had arrived at the victim's house on a motorbike and called for Ven Veth to come out of his house. In Pheang asked Ven Veth whether Ven Veth knew him, and when he said he did, in Pheang immediately shot him, he said.
"He shot him at a distance of just one metre from me," Bin Bao said. "And then I was shaking with fear. There was no conflict before this."
However the commune police chief, Bien Pom, disputed Bin Bao's account, adding that the incident was not related to politics or the upcoming polls for district and provincial councils. He said his investigation showed that Ven Veth was drunk at the time and had brandished a hoe at In Pheang when he crossed in front of his house. He claimed that In Pheang warned Ven Veth not to shake the hoe in case it hit him, but Ven Veth ignored that.
Bien Pom said that In Pheang had gone on the run.
The SRP commune chief in Cham, Prak Vanny, said the victim had been drunk at the time but rejected the police's version of events, and said Bin Bao's account was correct: that the killer had asked the victim if he knew him, and after the victim said he did, he was shot.
The party's MP for Kampong Cham province, Mao Monyvann, said Wednesday the incident was politically related and was a way of intimidating the opposition ahead of the upcoming poll.
"I notice that when elections are looming, intimidation always occurs," Mao Monyvann said. "The killer is well-known and the authorities must arrest him and punish him."
The district governor for Memot, Chek Sa An, said that Ven Veth was drunk and started to pull down the roof of his house. When the police went to intervene, Ven Veth was accidentally shot in the left thigh.
Written by Meas Sokchea
Friday, 06 March 2009
SRP activist Ven Veth was killed by a police officer Wednesday, with family of the victim treating the circumstances as suspicious.
AN activist with the opposition Sam Rainsy Party was shot dead by a policeman on Wednesday in Kampong Cham province. But the victim's family and the police dispute the circumstances surrounding his death.
The victim, Ven Veth, who was 45, was killed by In Pheang, a policeman in Battalion 617, using an AK-47. The incident took place in Por Phlam village, Cham commune, in Memot district.
Ven Veth's father-in-law, Bin Bao, said he witnessed the killing Wednesday afternoon. He told the Post Thursday that In Pheang had arrived at the victim's house on a motorbike and called for Ven Veth to come out of his house. In Pheang asked Ven Veth whether Ven Veth knew him, and when he said he did, in Pheang immediately shot him, he said.
"He shot him at a distance of just one metre from me," Bin Bao said. "And then I was shaking with fear. There was no conflict before this."
However the commune police chief, Bien Pom, disputed Bin Bao's account, adding that the incident was not related to politics or the upcoming polls for district and provincial councils. He said his investigation showed that Ven Veth was drunk at the time and had brandished a hoe at In Pheang when he crossed in front of his house. He claimed that In Pheang warned Ven Veth not to shake the hoe in case it hit him, but Ven Veth ignored that.
Bien Pom said that In Pheang had gone on the run.
The SRP commune chief in Cham, Prak Vanny, said the victim had been drunk at the time but rejected the police's version of events, and said Bin Bao's account was correct: that the killer had asked the victim if he knew him, and after the victim said he did, he was shot.
The party's MP for Kampong Cham province, Mao Monyvann, said Wednesday the incident was politically related and was a way of intimidating the opposition ahead of the upcoming poll.
"I notice that when elections are looming, intimidation always occurs," Mao Monyvann said. "The killer is well-known and the authorities must arrest him and punish him."
The district governor for Memot, Chek Sa An, said that Ven Veth was drunk and started to pull down the roof of his house. When the police went to intervene, Ven Veth was accidentally shot in the left thigh.
Imprisoned former top cop says he will not attend trial
Photo by: HENG CHIVOANDisgraced former police chief Heng Pov shown here in a file photo.
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by Cheang Sokha
Friday, 06 March 2009
Heng Pov, facing murder and extortion charges, will not attend his own trial over inability to pay legal fees, attorney says.
THE disgraced and imprisoned former Phnom Penh police chief Heng Pov will not attend his own trial, scheduled for March 10 at the Phnom Penh Municipal Court, citing an inability to pay his defence fees, his attorney said.
Heng Pov's defence lawyer, Kao Soupha, said his client had written a letter to the court stating that he would not appear until funds frozen by the state were released back to him, allowing him to pay his lawyer's fees, three of his daughters' study fees and medical treatments.
Heng Pov, who used to be an adviser to Prime Minister Hun Sen, wrote the PM a letter in early February requesting that Hun Sen intervene to release around US$940,000 held in five accounts at Canadia Bank.
"The money in his account is legal, but the court has barred him from withdrawing it," Kao Soupha said Thursday. "We are waiting to see whether the intervention persuades the prime minister to allow the withdrawal or not."
Kao Soupha, who has defended Heng Pov since last year, said he had not been paid for his services, adding that three of Heng Pov's daughters had been forced to suspend their studies.
"We are requesting to withdraw just some of the money, not all of it," Kao Soupha said.
The judge hearing the case at the Municipal Court, Iv Kimsry, told the Post Thursday that he had not heard of Heng Pov's request to be absent, adding that "it is his right to do so" before hanging up the phone.
The former police boss, much feared during his time in power, was arrested in 2006 and is currently serving a 58-year prison sentence for a raft of murder, kidnapping and extortion convictions.
Asean rep sworn in
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by Sam Rith
Friday, 06 March 2009
KAN Pharidh, Cambodia's permanent representative to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, presented his credentials Thursday to the Asean secretary general, Surin Pitsuwan, in a ceremony at the Asean secretariat.
"Ambassador Kan [has] many years of experience in Asean affairs. ... I look forward to working with him on building our Asean community," Surin said, according to a press release.
The permanent representatives of four member states - Singapore, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia - have now presented their credentials.
Myanmar, the Philippines and Thailand are expected to follow soon, and Surin said he hopes the Committee of Permanent Representatives will be able to meet for the first time at the end of this month.
Written by Sam Rith
Friday, 06 March 2009
KAN Pharidh, Cambodia's permanent representative to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, presented his credentials Thursday to the Asean secretary general, Surin Pitsuwan, in a ceremony at the Asean secretariat.
"Ambassador Kan [has] many years of experience in Asean affairs. ... I look forward to working with him on building our Asean community," Surin said, according to a press release.
The permanent representatives of four member states - Singapore, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia - have now presented their credentials.
Myanmar, the Philippines and Thailand are expected to follow soon, and Surin said he hopes the Committee of Permanent Representatives will be able to meet for the first time at the end of this month.
Remaining railway residents brace for forced evictions
Photo by: TRACEY SHELTONThe Train B community, which lies along colonial-era railway lines, faces an uncertain future.
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by Chhay Channyda
Friday, 06 March 2009
Residents say they fear a repeat of the Dey Krahorm eviction after three local representatives are convicted in absentia.
RESIDENTS remaining in the Train B Community in Tuol Kork district say they fear forced eviction from their land following the conviction in absentia of three community leaders, accused of falsifying documents relating to a property compensation claim.
Phnom Penh Municipal Court on February 23 convicted Chea Samhong, May Thonak and Sok Kimchan Mealea of forging the thumbprints of 34 community families seeking compensation from local developer Hassan Cambodia Development Limited, which plans to develop the 2.5-hectare block of land.
Yok Sambo, the residents' lawyer, said the three - currently in hiding - were sentenced to three years in prison and fined US$20,000 each.
"It is unjust for the residents. The court has no evidence to prove their forged thumbprints," he said Thursday.
Resident Chea Srey Na, the sister of suspect May Thonak, said the three had been convicted merely because they had fought for the small community, and that she now feared forced eviction like the city's Dey Krahorm community.
"We have been living here since 1990, and like Dey Krahorm, the government granted [us] a social land concession in 2003, but still the company wants to develop our community and give us low compensation," she said.
"The three leaders did everything for the sake of the people, and then this happens to them. I know we will end up like the Dey Krahorm community, where poor people lost out to the rich."
Official warnings
Othsman Hassan, a secretary of state at the Ministry of Labour and chairman of Hassan Cambodia Development, said that police were hunting for the fugitives, but that he had no hand in the court's decision and that it was residents themselves who lodged complaints about the three leaders.
He said that in 2000 the government granted his company the right to develop the 10-hectare area encompassing the Train A and B communities into office space and commercial centres, but that work was delayed because of 25 families who were yet to leave the site.
Othsman Hassan said the company had previously offered residents replacement housing but that the offer was no longer valid, and that the company was offering $20,000 cash for the remaining residents.
"People must accept that they are living on state land, so that when the government wants it for development they should leave because they do not legally own the land," he said.
"People are demanding high prices which we cannot accept."
Othsman Hassan also warned that authorities would take administrative action "like at Dey Krahorm" if people did not agree to leave.
Nouth Bopinnaroath, monitor for the rights group Licadho, said the three accused had served the community since 1995 and that residents had filed complaints with the Appeal Court to overturn the warrants.
Economic meltdown
PHOTO SUPPLIEDAmelita King Dejardin, a gender expert for the International Labour Organisation.
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by amelita king dejardin
Friday, 06 March 2009
The financial crisis that continues to tighten its grip on global markets has a hitherto unacknowledged gender bias.
Comment
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Amelita King Dejardin
THE current economic crisis is unravelling before us faster than even the most pessimistic of experts predicted just a few months ago.
The effects are already trickling down to ordinary working people. In the Asia Pacific region, the International Labour Organisation has projected that as many as 27 million more people could become unemployed this year. Some 140 million others in the region's developing economies could be forced into extreme poverty.
The numbers are staggering and, without a doubt, everyone will be touched by this crisis. Yet what is so far lacking from many of the debates on how countries should respond is a realization that this crisis has a gender bias. Here in Asia, working women will be affected more severely, and differently, from their male counterparts.
For policymakers, failure to take into account this gender dimension, especially at the lower end of the socioeconomic scale, could be a critical miscalculation, worsening the working and living conditions of millions, deepening economic and social inequalities, and wiping out a generation of hard-won gains in pay equity and workplace equality.
Why are women affected differently? One reason is that women workers are concentrated in labour-intensive export industries that feed into global supply chains. In contrast, male workers tend to be distributed across a wider range of economic sectors. Women are also concentrated in the lower levels of these global supply chains, in casual, temporary, sub-contracted and informal employment, where work is insecure, wages low, working conditions poor and workers least likely to be protected by conventional social insurance systems. It follows that shrinking global demand for clothes, textiles and electronics (as well as for related business services like hotels and restaurants) means that women will be the first to lose their jobs.
Asia's experience during the 1997 economic crisis provides evidence to back this projection. In Thailand, 95 percent of those laid off from the garment sector were women - in the toys sector it was 88 percent. In Korea, 86 percent of those who lost their financial services and banking jobs were female.
The consequence of losing a job also affects women differently, and more severely. Research shows that the poorer the family, the more important the woman's earnings are to the family's subsistence, children's health and education. And because women workers in Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam - among other countries - are concentrated in lower-paid jobs they tend to save less; so a small pay cut or price rise can severely damage them and their dependents.
The region's experience in 1997 supports this concern; a survey in the Philippines found that when a male worker lost his job, 65 percent of households reported a fall in income, but when a woman worker was retrenched, 94 percent of households had less money.
Poorer households also rely more on unpaid care work (for children, the elderly or sick family members), which is almost always provided by women. So in tough times, women tend to be stretched more between their conflicting responsibilities.
Since the 1990s, the governments of many Asian countries have strengthened their social protection schemes. This is a welcome move since a social floor is a vital tool in fighting poverty (and designing a social floor that meets women's needs is one of the themes of the current ILO Global Gender Campaign). However, in many countries women do not get equal access to social protection.
In some cases, this is because of the nonstandard, low-wage and informal economy jobs they have, which are less likely to come with such social benefits. In others, policymakers assume women can rely on men, or because benefits are directly linked to keeping your job - for example, most maternity protection systems in Asia are paid solely by employers.
Of course, this is not a simple black-and-white issue. In some areas or sectors, men will bear the brunt. For example, demand for female workers could rise as regular workers are replaced by casuals. Among migrant workers in developed economies, better-educated, skilled women who work as nurses, doctors or in other specialist health care jobs, or as domestic workers, are less likely to be laid off than their male migrant worker counterparts - who are mostly in construction, manufacturing and agriculture.
It is therefore critical that when governments, employers and workers organizations sit down to discuss policies to combat the social and economic effects of the crisis, they do so from the perspective of women as well as men.
For example, public infrastructure and investment programs are common components of national crisis-response packages. However, the bulk of jobs created by these programs could easily go to men because construction, engineering and technical jobs are dominated by and seen as more suitable for men. This is what we saw in 1997.
Not only should efforts be made to ensure that these jobs are open to women, but the concept of what are public works should be expanded to incorporate social services, health care, education, child and youth development.
When it comes to the social aspect of policy responses, basic health care, maternity, and education must be included.
Finally, special attention is needed to ensure that women's own views and opinions are heard. In 1997, women were not properly included in the social dialogue because - even in businesses that employed mostly women - the leadership of workers and employers organisations was dominated by men.
This week brings International Women's Day (Sunday), a regular and natural opportunity to focus on the situation of women in this region. We should mark the day with a commitment not to repeat the mistakes of 1997 by ensuring that crisis-response measures reach all those who need help, equally.
____________________________________________________
Amelita King Dejardin is a senior technical
adviser in the Police Integration and Statistics
Department of the International Labour Organisation.
Credit crunch hits MFIs
Photo by: TRACEY SHELTONThe ACLEDA head office in Phnom Penh. MFIs say credit has tightened this year.
Falling loan growth
- ACLEDA 48pc in 2008, 30-35pc growth expected in 2009
- MFI Sathapana 61pc in 2008, 10-20pc expected in 2009
- AMK Finance 124pc in 2008, 56pc expected in 2009
The Phnom Penh Post
Written by NGUON SOVAN AND GEORGE MCLEOD
Friday, 06 March 2009
Microfinance institutions say that a reduced willingness to lend among foreign entities is squeezing domestic market
MICROFINANCE organisations said they expect slower growth and higher interest rates as the credit crunch hits foreign lenders who had been a key source of funding to local MFIs.
The main threat, sources said, stems from the decrease in available capital as foreign backers trim their emerging market investments, leaving microfinancers less able to serve local demand.
Prior to the global economic downturn about 50 foreign banks were lining up to lend to local MFIs, said Bun Mony, a member of the board of the Cambodian Microfinance Association (CMA) and general manager of the MFI Sathapana Limited.
But since the onset of the crisis, he said the number had fallen to zero.
"A large number of microfinance institutions have been seriously affected by the global financial crisis because 80 percent of our capital is from abroad," Bun Mony said.
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We may have to raise local rates more to make up for our higher costs.
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He said portfolio loans to customers increased by 61 percent last year, "but we forecast that growth will slow from 10 to 20 percent this year".
Other MFIs, including AMK Microfinance and ACLEDA, told the Post they also expect some growth in 2009, albeit below original expectations.
Bun Mony also warned that interest rates - currently at two to three percent per month - could rise in response to loan restrictions by foreign creditors.
"If we want to take out new loans, we have to pay one or two percent more per year, so we are hesitating to borrow. We may have to raise local rates more to make up for our higher costs," he said.
CMA Chairman Hout Ieng Tong said the number of MFI borrowers hit one million last year, up from 970,152 in 2007. He said loans totalled US$740 million, consisting of $438 million from 17 microfinance institutions, with the rest from ACLEDA Bank.
Hout Ieng Tong said the number of depositors rose to 529,789 last year from 355,956 in 2007, with $492 million in deposits, excluding ACLEDA.
"The portfolio risk is still very low," he said, estimating 0.67 percent risk, or $2.95 million.
Bun Mony said there had been instances of collateral such as land and houses being seized for auction to repay debts, but he said less than one percent of loans were nonperforming.
ACLEDA President In Channy said Thursday that local deposits at ACLEDA Bank had increased to $512 million, with $463 million in loans outstanding.
"Nonperforming loans at ACLEDA were 0.4 percent last year," he said. "We lend to farmers without requiring land or houses as collateral, but third parties insure the borrowers."
But Tal Nay Im, director general of the National Bank of Cambodia, said she was worried that farmers were at risk of losing their assets if they defaulted. "They risk being deprived of their houses, but it is their only choice if they want to borrow money," she said.
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