Tuesday, 11 August 2009

US girls find promising talent

Photo by: EDDIE CARTER
Members and coaches of the visiting US girls team pose with members of the Battambang U13 boys team before their friendly game Thursday, which the US girls won 5-0.


The Phnom Penh Post
Tuesday, 11 August 2009
EDDIE CARTER

The Cambodian U16 girls national team lost 4-1 to a visiting team of American girls Saturday, but many were impressed by the home team’s improvement

BATTAMBANG

THE Cambodian U16 girls National Football Team played their second-ever game Saturday, another friendly this time on home soil against a team of American girls from Snohomish in Washington state. The game, ending in a 4-1 win for the US team, signified the end of a 10-day visit by the Amercian soccer girls, who came to coach and help promote football for women in Battambang province.

Before the kickoff, the Cambodia National Team received 20 footballs from the Cambodian Football Federation (FFC) as a gesture of support, with FFC General Secretary Ouk Sethycheat travelling up from Phnom Penh to make the presentation and also to watch the friendly match to learn more about the quality of girls football in Battambang.

As expected, the physically superior US girls quickly took control, and after 6 minutes the Cambodian defensive line failed to clear a ball from a corner kick, allowing Tayler Wines to fire her shot from outside the box into the far corner, leaving the keeper no chance.

The US girls, many of them aged only 13 but already playing for over 5 years, enjoyed the free space granted by the Cambodian backs and created more chances. After a handball about 25 metres from goal, 16-year-old Lori Deland clipped in a dangerous free kick. The ball seemed to miss everybody, but somehow Whitney Carter got a touch to deflect the ball into the far corner.

Despite being two down after just 13 minutes, the young Cambodian girls never gave up and tried to implement their coach's advice of playing two-touch football.

With the Cambodians beginning to progress inside the US team's half, a defensive misunderstanding left Mau Reaksmey stealing possession and, with a fine touch, she managed to squeeze the ball around US goalkeeper Ellie Otteson.

It was Cambodia's first shot on target of the game, and the team's second ever in a competitive match. The players and supporters responded with raucous applause, and it took the US girls several minutes to regain momentum in the game. The Americans created several more great chances, with most shots only off target by a little, or the Cambodian defense marshalled by captain Chhoeurn Nipha coping admirably under immense pressure.

With the half-time whistle blowing on 35 minutes, many where left wondering just how the teams were only separated by a single goal.

In the second half, Cambodia brought on substitute keeper Leng Srey Lin from Battambang, who was immediately put into action when teammates lacked the strength to clear, and the ball bounced up invitingly for Lori Deland, who volleyed an unstoppable shot in for the US team's third.

To their credit, the Cambodian girls never gave up and fought for every ball. Pich Phally from Battambang, who has already shown her potential in Laos May 22, managed to win the ball back on several occasions, and with fast balls to the wing initiated good counter attacks. Mao Sokhoeurn, also from Battambang, often lead the centre of the action for Cambodia, impressing with good ball control and the vision for space. In the 45th minute, a good run should have led to Cambodia's second, but Seng Sami stopped her forward run too early and missed a great ball across from Mao Sokhoeurn.

Two minutes later, the US team added yet another goal to their tally, with experienced central midfielder Lori Deland blasting from 30 metres over the head of Leng Srey Lin, to net her second.

Young players give their best
With nothing to lose, Cambodia coach Sam Schweingruber introduced several new players, among them 11-year-olds Lang Srey Peuw and Roth Kakada, who both impressed with brave attempts and good skill, while clearly lacking the experience of playing on the big field.

The score remained the same until the final whistle, the US girls struggling through the tropical heat. Teams exchanged shirts before joining an after-game party organised by the US team.

US player Whitney Carter, 15, noted the improvement in the Cambodian players since she first visited three years ago. "The girls [have] started to really get good, and it is not easy to go around them." Two premier US girls' coaches Shannon Otteson and Michelle Marklund both saw a great deal of potential within these girls' soccer futures, adding that some of the younger ones could already make it into an American team.

Cambodia captain Chhoeurn Nipha acknowledged that the US girls were better due to their match experience, noting that most Cambodians had only started playing in the last year. "I think the US girls are very good," she said. "They show us that girls can play like boys if they work hard. When I see how they kick the ball and how they play together, I want to train more and become good like them."

Cambodian girls coach Sam Schweingruber, who has helped organise the US girls' visit, was delighted to see the further development of women's football in the Kingdom. "The intensity during training sessions has hopefully established a new standard for the Cambodian girls," he said. "We cannot continue to use the excuse that we are girls and are new to the game."

Schweingruber was extremely proud of his team, especially to see them score their second-ever goal in competition. "By competing against stronger teams and learning from our mistakes, we get better," he continued. "It is important for the girls to regularly have the chance to practice and play friendly games. If the US team returns next year, we hope to be much stronger, keep more possession and create more chances to make the game closer."

Police blotter: 11 Aug 2009

The Phnom Penh Post
Tuesday, 11 August 2009
Lim Phalla

SWISS MAN FOUND DEAD IN HOTEL
Swiss national Fritz Heinz Ernst, 59, who entered Cambodia on September 22, 2008, was found dead on a chair while he was watching TV alone at midnight on August 4 in the Swiss Garden Restaurant in Sihanoukville province's Village 3. The body was first found by his maid, who said the man was often ill. After examining the body, police found that the man had died of a heart attack.
KOH SANTEPHEAP

DRUNKEN OFFICER FIRES SHOTS AT TRIO
An RCAF second lieutenant was arrested by Sen Sok district police for allegedly shooting at three men who had a conflict with him because he put his arm around their girlfriend's neck while he was seriously drunk. However, the shots did not hurt anybody. Police identified the soldier as Sau Chantha, 39, living in Trapaing Svay village, in the city's Sen Sok district, where the incident took place. The suspect told the police in a drunken manner that he shot at the men because they were rude to him.
KOH SANTEPHEAP

REPORTED RAPIST ARRESTED IN PURSAT
A man was arrested last week by police in Pursat province's Phnom Kravanh district on suspicion of raping a 15-year-old girl while she was grazing her cattle alone a few days earlier in a field in the district's Santrey commune. The suspect, who lives in the same village as the victim, was known as Chhean Kay, 30. The arrest was made after the victim's family reported him to the police.
KOH SANTEPHEAP

UNMARRIED COUPLE DIE IN SUICIDE PACT
An unmarried couple tied their hands together and then drank poison to commit suicide because their parents were against their love. The bodies were found by their relatives on Saturday morning in a bush about 300 metres away from their village in Kampong Thom province's Veal L'peak commune. Police identified the man as Hom Tol, 18, and the woman as Chhong Chhorvan, 18. Their families were rivals for a long time.
KOH SANTEPHEAP

MAN ARRESTED FOR DRIVING ON LAWN
Thirty-year-old Seung Rithisen from Trapaing Pring village and commune, Teuk Chhou district, Kampot province, was nabbed by police for attacking a policeman who told him not to ride his motorbike on the grass in the park. The incident happened on Thursday evening in Muy Usaphea village, in Kampot province's Kampong Kandal commune. Searching the man's body, police found a knife and then decided to send him to court.
RASMEY KAMPUCHEA

The Phnom Penh Post News in Brief

In Brief: Long Sophy takes lead

Tuesday, 11 August 2009
Robert Starkweather

PHNOM PENH - Club Salavorn mainstay Long Sophy beat Club Eh Phoutang fighter Song Saruth on points in the first of two lightweight tournament fights Sunday at CTN. Long Sophy chased Song Saruth around the ring for most of the five-round contest, and Song Saruth showed little interest in mixing it up after appearing to get hurt with knees in the third round. The win moves Long Sophy into first place in the tournament with a record of 2-0, one coming by knockout. Kao Roomchang is behind him with 2 wins and no knockouts. In the second fight, Naem Chenda moved to 1-1 with a decision victory over Nuon Mony, who dropped to 0-2. Coming up this Sunday at CTN boxing arena, Van Chanvey takes on a dangerous Vung Noy, and Kao Roomchang faces long-shot Bheut Bunthoen.

In Brief: Kingdom to get first arbitration centre

Tuesday, 11 August 2009
Nguon Sovan

The International Finance Corporation, a member of the World Bank Group, on Monday signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Ministry of Commerce to establish Cambodia's first national arbitration centre to resolve commercial disputes. The agreement was inked Monday by Commerce Minister Cham Prasidh and Trang Nguyen, head of the IFC's Advisory Services in the Mekong. The proposed centre is to be the first commercial body in Cambodia to offer an alternative to the country's courts for dispute resolution and is expected to enable quicker and fairer resolution of disputes at a cheaper cost - thereby enhancing the private sector's comfort level when engaging in business transactions in the Kingdom, a press release stated Monday. Under the agreement, the IFC is to support the establishment and operation of the arbitration centre in its first three years, in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank and other partners. IFC support is expected to include advisory services in the selection and training of an initial group of arbitrators, establishing procedures for the body and supporting the centre's initial operations. nguon sovan

In Brief: Fantasy league awaits

Tuesday, 11 August 2009
DAN RILEY

PHNOM PENH - Tension is increasing as the English Premier League nears ever closer. You now have less than five days to register your team for The Phnom Penh Post fantasy league. Simply go to fantasy.premierleague.com and sign up to create a team. Once you've chosen your squad, click on the Leagues tab, and then the create/join leagues tab, where you will be asked to enter this code, 112590-31633 (include the dash). Currently there are over 50 participants and exisiting teams can make free transfers before the season starts (August 15) using the Transfers tab. Local phone company Cellcard has just announced that they will be sponsoring the Post league, with weekly prizes and a season-end grand prize. So may the best manager win!

Get the camera ready for this Cambodia Adventure!

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

You won’t be able to resist getting snap-happy in Cambodia – the region is a melting pot overflowing with spectacular sights, fascinating history, other-worldly spirituality and unique culture, all fringed by dense jungle.

Tour Cambodia with a five-day extension before one of Contiki’s amazing new Asian itineraries and throw yourself head first into one of the sparkling jewels of South-East Asia. Learn about the genocide of the Khmer Rouge, visit the captivating Angkor Wat, sample traditional deep-fried spiders and delve deep into the country’s heartbeat.

Highlights of this tour include:

•Phnom Penh: discover the city once known as the Pearl of Asia with its broad French-style boulevards, boutique stores and unique local culture

•Siem Reap: travel by tuk-tuk to watch the sun set over one of the most stunning skylines in Asia and visit the floating villages on Tonle Sap Lake by wooden boat

•Angkor Wat: visit one of the biggest religious monuments ever built and marvel in its splendor, which was lost in the jungle for more than 600 years

The 5-day Cambodia Extension tour is priced from $725 per person, twin share (land only). Departures are available until May 2010.

Your amazing Cambodian tour will feature the expertise of local, English-speaking guides to show you the true Cambodian lifestyle and get you up close and personal with South-East Asia’s most unique culture.

This tour is an add-on before you begin one of Contiki’s fabulous new Asian itineraries. Accommodation and most meals are included in the itinerary, with dinners excluded to give you plenty of time to get out and sample the authentic local cuisine.

Contiki has been taking 18 to 35s around the globe to experience far off places and exotic cultures for over 45 years, so they know what young people want. Contiki’s trips include a perfect balance of sightseeing and adventure with loads of free time to experience all the destination has to offer.

Contiki’s 2009 Asia brochures are on travel agent shelves now!

Cambodia Made It Again into the International Media

Posted on 10 August 2009
The Mirror, Vol. 13, No. 624

Cambodia made it again into the international media – together with Norway, it may be said.

Norway is hardly known in Cambodia – a small country of only about 4.5 million people compared to Cambodia’s around 14 million. Few people may know that the Norwegian branch of the international group of Save-the-Children fund organizations – Redd Barna – has been co-operating with the Ministry of Education of Cambodia over the years. And the organization Norwegian People’s Aid made it sometimes into the Cambodian press because of its involvement in landmine clearance and other activities related to dealing with landmines.

Since 1992 people from Norway are involved in Cambodia, providing technical assistance to the Cambodian Mine Action Center [CMAC]. But Norwegian People’s Aid does not work only on direct landmine clearance. In 1997, NPA was requested by the local authorities to assist in the resettlement of 5,000 displaced families on mine-free and de-mined land. In January 2007, requested by the Cambodian Mine Action and Victim Assistance Authority [CMAA], NPA cooperated in Empowering CMAA, to analyze, plan, and use mine action data.

So far, their program Mines and Explosive Detection Dogs – through the NPA Global Training Center for Mine Detection Dogs co-operating with CMAC – found interest also in the Khmer press.

How is it possible that the people of this small country are involved in such work internationally? What is the background of the Norwegian People’s Aid? Norwegian People’s Aid has developed out of the Norwegian Labor Movement – struggling for their own rights, and extending the same spirit to others: “We support people in their struggle for more power and influence over their own lives and in the development of their societies.” The organization has about 12,000 members all over Norway: organizing work in Norway like First Aid and other emergency services, running receptions centers for refugees, voluntary activities for elderly and disabled people, as well as work against racism.

And the financial basis? A lot comes from individual regular supporters. But the Norwegian Television System is also assisting with fund raising for public concerns by organizing every year a Telethon: one whole Sunday afternoon and evening is dedicated to information about a specific issue, and at the same time, almost every house in the country is visited by volunteers collecting money. In this way, the 4.5 million Norwegians – “financial crisis or not” – collect normally around US$20 million and more millions during a few hours. And in preparation of these events – dedicated to problems of drug addition, physical disabilities, education, de-mining – a lot of further information is in newspapers, on radio, and on TV. In relation to Cambodia, this included recently also information about the conflicts between the residents around the Boeung Kak lake and the business plans of developing high rise buildings and to beautify Phnom Penh.

The Motto of the Kingdom of Norway is “Everything for Norway” – and this pride in their own identity leads to international outreach, support, and cooperation, at present in more than 30 countries, always trying to work with local partners and with local authorities. As for mine action, Norwegian People’s Aid is one of the leading organizations worldwide. But the work in this field of special competence is based on four wider concerns:

- Work against oppression, poverty and unfair distribution of resources.
- Fighting racism and discrimination.
- Working for gender equality, and against violence and abuse.
- Prevention, promoting voluntarism and building competence.

With these goals, the Norwegian People’s Aid found a natural partner in the Cambodian Disabled People’s Organization [CDPO], working – in their own words –

“to develop the networks of people with disabilities so as to support, protect, serve and promote their rights, achievements and interests, in order to bring about their fuller participation and equality in society.

Vision

People with Disabilities have a right to participate fully and equally in society.
Value

One voice of People with Disabilities.
Empowerment of People with Disabilities.

Mission

Develop the networks of people with disabilities so as to support, protect, serve and promote their rights, achievements and interests, in order to bring about their fuller participation and equality in society.
Objective

To promote and bring about positive changes in attitudes in Cambodian society towards people with disabilities…”

After a Miss Landmine event had been organized with Norwegian cooperation in 2008 in Africa, in Angola, also a country suffering from decades of civil war and the devastation landmines bring, a similar event was planned and prepared in Cambodia in 2009, with the following goals – with which the Cambodian Disabled People’s Organization agreed and they prepared an event together, based on the following convictions: [depending on your browser setting, if you wait several seconds, a "slide show" may start]

EVERYBODY HAS THE RIGHT TO BE BEAUTIFUL!

- Female pride and empowerment.
- Disabled pride and empowerment.
- Global and local landmine awareness and information.
- Challenge inferiority and/or guilt complexes that hinder creativity-
- historical, cultural, social, personal, Asian, European.
- Question established concepts of physical perfection.
- Challenge old and ingrown concepts of cultural cooperation.
- Celebrate true beauty.
- Replace the passive term ‘Victim’ with the active term ‘Survivor’
- And have a good time for all involved while doing so!

Twenty women have been finally selected, and their pictures were to be displayed in the cultural center of the Meta House in Phnom Penh. They come from the provinces and cities of Banteay Meanchey, Battambang, Kampot, Kompong Cham,Kompong Chhnang, Kandal, Kep, Kompong Speu, Kompong Thom, Mondolkiri, Pailin, Phnom Penh, Preah Sihanouk, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Pursat, Siem Reap, Stung Treng, Svay Rieng, and Takeo.

They range in age between 18 and 48, they survived a mine explosion between 1979 and 2000, they are farmers, or selling cake at a market, work in a factory, or are students. And their pictures show that they are, in spite of having survived a terrible experience, claiming their “right to participate fully and equally in society” according to the Vision of the Cambodian Disabled People’s Organization.

This endeavor is sponsored and funded, like many other international activities, by the people of Norway, in this case through the Arts Council Norway (Norsk Kulturråd) and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

But Ministry of Social Affairs Veteran and Youth Rehabilitation of Cambodia prohibited the planned event, as The Mirror reported already on Thursday, 6.8.2009, and the Miss Landmine website said: “all further activities on Cambodian territory are canceled as of today 2 August 2009.”

The Cambodian Disabled People’s Organization followed suit: “We totally support the content of the announcement of the Ministry of Social Affairs Veteran and Youth Rehabilitation not to support the Miss Landmine contest, because it can create misunderstandings among the public towards the honor of disabled people, especially of disabled women.”

And the Minister of Women’s Affairs declared in The Cambodia Daily, that her Ministry had never given full support to this plan, as had been claimed.

This event brought Cambodia again into the international media: Soon after the prohibition, there was a report broadcast on BBC World Service, and a quick research showed that by now there are are about 250 reports in the media in Argentina, Chile, Denmark, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Lithuania, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, USA, Vietnam, and Zimbabwe.

Many of these reports refer also to the pictures on the Miss Landmine website. To look at them, to read the individual short notes of every one of these 20 women standing form many, many more survivors, may explain why this planned event – and its prohibition – finds such wide international interest. What does it mean that the positions taken by the Cambodian authorities on the one side, and the people of Norway who supported the efforts which were welcome in Angola, and which seem to be welcome in the media reports around the world? Even when the language not of all reports can be understood, the pictures speak clearly.

Please recommend us also to your colleagues and friends.

Bayon Information Center opens in Siem Reap, Cambodia



2009-08-10 Xinhua English

PHNOM PENH, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- Based in Siem Reap provincial town, Bayon Information Center, serving as a showcasing center that reflects 15-year attainment of JSA/JASA (Japanese organization) in rehabilitating Bayon temple, was officially opened for the public on Aug. 6, the official news agency AKP reported on Monday.

Siem Reap provincial governor Sou Phirin, APSARA Authority General Director Bun Narith and representatives from Japanese Embassy and UNESCO partook in the opening ceremony organized by JASA organization.

The center provides not only information on history and temple sin Angkor area but also other researches as well as international cooperation projects. Photographic and video presentations and verbal explanation are means for showcasing the resources available in the center.

As part of its effort to restore current Angkorean temples, the Japanese government has picked Bayon as key focus given its priceless and unique natures. National conciliation effort represented one of Bayon's most valuable natures.

Chinese leaders mourn death of Deng Xiaoping's wife

Chinese President Hu Jintao (R) shakes hands with a relative of Zhuo Lin during Zhuo's funeral at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing, capital of China, Aug. 10, 2009. Zhuo Lin, widow of China's late leader Deng Xiaoping, died of illness in Beijing on July 29 at the age of 93 and was cremated here on Monday. (Xinhua/Ju Peng)

Former Chinese President Jiang Zemin (R) shakes hands with a relative of Zhuo Lin during Zhuo's funeral at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery in Beijing, capital of China, Aug. 10, 2009. Zhuo Lin, widow of China's late leader Deng Xiaoping, died of illness in Beijing on July 29 at the age of 93 and was cremated here on Monday. (Xinhua/Ju Peng)

BEIJING, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- Zhuo Lin, widow of China's late leader Deng Xiaoping, died of illness in Beijing on July 29 at the age of 93 and cremated here on Monday.

Zhuo, a former consultant of the Central Military Commission General Office, was "an excellent Communist Party of China (CPC) member and time-honored loyal communist fighter," said a statement issued by the General Office of the CPC Central Committee.

Chinese leaders and former statemen including Hu Jintao, Jiang Zemin, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Changchun, Xi Jinping, Li Keqiang, He Guoqiang and Zhou Yongkang attended her cremation ceremony, which was held Monday morning at the hall of the Beijing Babaoshan Cemetery.

Zhuo Lin, widow of China's late leader Deng Xiaoping, died of illness in Beijing on July 29 at the age of 93 and cremated here on Monday. (Photo: www.people.com.cn)

Zhuo died of illness at 12:30 p.m. on July 29 after medical treatment failed.

Born in Xuanwei county of southwestern Yunnan Province in April, 1916, Zhuo Lin joined the CPC in 1938.

Zhuo accompanied Deng to work in the Xinjian county tractor repair workshop in eastern Jiangxi Province in October 1969.

In January 1978, she was appointed a consultant of the Central Military Commission General Office. She served as a deputy to the fourth and fifth National People's Congress and was awarded the Independence Merit Medal from the People's Liberation Army in 1988.

Zhuo Lin, widow of China's late leader Deng Xiaoping, died of illness in Beijing on July 29 at the age of 93 and cremated here on Monday. (Photo: www.people.com.cn)
Editor: Deng Shasha

Death toll from tropical storm Goni rises to five in south China

www.chinaview.cn
2009-08-11

HAIKOU, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- The bodies of two people were retrieved in south China's island province of Hainan on Monday, bringing the death toll from the tropical storm Goni to five, local officials said.

The fourth was a fisherman who was killed when the fishing boat "Qiongdanzhou 00301" was wrecked at the Yangpu Port, while the fifth one, a fisherwoman, died after "Qiongdanzhou 52153" sank near Danzhou City, officials said.

Another two fishermen on "Qiongdanzhou 00301" and "Qiongdanzhou 00878", as well as four crew members on a Cambodian vessel are still missing, said an official with the Hainan marine search and rescue center.

The difficulty of rescue has increased as the provincial meteorologic center warned of continuous thunderstorms in northwestern Hainan in the following 24 hours, he said.

More than 1.6 million people in Hainan Province were affected by Goni, which forced local authorities to relocate 92,000, officials said.

It toppled more than 575 houses and damaged 2,311, as well as inundated 68,000 hectares of cropland, he said.

Goni landed in Hainan Wednesday and left China at 5 p.m. Sunday.


Editor: Yan

Birthday girl can use your help for charity

Photo: BEN WATSONCHARITY MINDED: Mish Cockcroft asked friends and family to donate items to charity instead of giving her presents.

11/08/2009

Mish Cockcroft decided to do something different for her birthday – instead of presents, she asked her friends and family to donate items for charity.

The Birkenhead mother of two, who turned 31 on Wednesday heard how more animals were being surrendered to the SPCA but they’d also had a decrease in donations.

"I thought, gosh I should really help. I then stopped at the lights in front of a billboard stating a similar story about the Auckland City Mission and thought about helping again."

Ms Cockcroft chose five charities, because her birthday is on the fifth, and her aim was to collect 31 or 131 items for each.

She selected the SPCA, the Auckland City Mission, Starship hospital, Dress for Success and the children’s surgical centre in Cambodia and Vision Vietnam through the Intrepid Foundation.

For the SPCA, she aimed to get 131 tins or bags of cat and dog food. For the Auckland City Mission, she aimed for 131 items of food such as tins of spaghetti, baked beans, Weet-Bix and cornflakes.

For Starship she wanted 31 old cellphones for its recycling campaign.

For Dress for Success, which provides clothing, support and makeup for disadvantaged women returning to the work force, the aim was 131 clothing and makeup items.

The Intrepid Foundation collects glasses and sunglasses and ships them to Cambodia and Vietnam, where they are reconfigured for disadvantaged people. For this group she aimed for 31 pairs of glasses.

She says people have said it’s a great idea and she’s had a really positive response.

To donate email mishc@xtra.co.nz.

Real empowerment is more than skin-deep

The Phnom Penh Post
Monday, 10 August 2009
Ambreen Mirza

Dear Editor,

Like many people in Cambodia, I have been following the Miss Landmine pageant and pondering the perceived benefits of such an event. I fully agree that the pageant brings the issue of land mines to the forefront, gives victims a face and a voice, and challenges existing stereotypes and concepts of beauty. However, I'm tempted to condone the cancellation of the competition because I feel there are better ways to reach these objectives without resorting to a medium based on competition and superficiality. Yes, the competition is supposed to show that women with missing limbs can be beautiful, but could this not have been highlighted in a different way? Via a photo shoot, interactive seminar, or larger multimedia campaign? Could the organisers have teamed up with other NGOs and clinics, pooled the resources from sponsors, and given ALL these women custom-made prosthetics that they wouldn't have to "compete" for?

As for beauty, whose concept of beauty is being promoted? I visited the Web site and found the women from different villages in halter tops and short dresses, which may or may not be the clothing that they would usually wear, but it seemed out of place. Are the organisers, while completely well-meaning, pushing a Western interpretation of "empowerment" where beauty and liberation is equated with being sexy and showing skin? I would have rather liked to see the women wearing something they chose, Western or traditional Khmer, modern or conservative, which made them feel their most beautiful.

They should be given an opportunity to not only show how beautiful they are on the outside, but to show the inner strength and resilience they possess to live with their experience and carry on, to inspire other survivors and those of us who often take our lives for granted. That, to me, is empowerment.

Ambreen Mirza
Phnom Penh


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Send letters to: newsroom@phnompenhpost.com or PO Box 146, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The Post reserves the right to edit letters to a shorter length.

The views expressed above are solely the author's and do not reflect any positions taken by The Phnom Penh Post.

Norwegian organizer of 'Miss Landmine' contest in Cambodia arrives home after safety fears

By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS (CP)

OSLO — The Norwegian organizer of a "Miss Landmine" beauty pageant in Cambodia says safety concerns pushed him to return home after government officials shut down the contest.

Morten Traavik says he returned to Oslo on Monday after Cambodian officials made what he described as threats to his safety.

Cambodian officials cancelled the Miss Landmine contest Aug. 3, saying it "would make a mockery of Cambodia's land mine victims."

The Miss Landmine Web site says the pageant aims to empower land mine survivors and raise awareness about the dangers of land mines. Traavik said he plans to continue the contest on the Web site.

The first Miss Landmine pageant, in Angola in 2008, was criticized by international aid organizations for being demeaning.

Child Guard Recalls Burials Under Duch

By Kong Sothanarith, VOA Khmer
Original report from Phnom Penh
10 August 2009

A former child guard at Duch’s Khmer Rouge prison told a UN-backed court Monday he had been ordered to bury prisoners after he was recruited form Kampong Chhnang province.

Chhun Phal, now 47, said he was ordered to dig a mass grave for dead Cambodians, including one who still wore shackles from the prison.

Duch, 66, whose real name is Kaing Kek Iev, is on trial for war crimes, crimes against humanity, torture and murder, for his role as head of Tuol Sleng prison, where prosecutors say 12,380 were sent to the their deaths.

Chhun Phal told the court he was ordered to dig a hole 2 meters by 3 meters that was as deep as his neck, but he could not remember how many bodies were buried in it.

His other duties including caring for prisoners by giving them baths, which he did sometimes while they remained shackled.

He also said he saw Duch beat a prisoner with a rattan stick.

Forest Monitors Say Habitats Still a Concern

By Taing Sarada, VOA Khmer
Original report from Washington
10 August 2009

Environmental watchdogs say they are concerned Cambodia could be jeopardizing wildlife habitat with government forestry concessions and the illegal trade of timber and wildlife.

Nicholas Sorenson, a special projects director for the Wildlife Alliance, based in Washington, gave a video demonstration recently showing wild animals under the protection of the group in Cambodia.

As the country emerged from the Khmer Rouge and the decades of civil war that followed, wildlife and forests were descended upon, he told VOA Khmer in an interview.

“Wildlife was hunted, tigers were hunted, trees were cut down,” he said. “And you know, corruption ultimately is the No. 1 thing to blame.”

A long-awaited anti-corruption law would help wildlife while enabling the country to develop and restore the natural environment.

Cambodian officials have repeatedly vowed to crackdown on illegal logging and the wildlife trade, but the government has failed to a pass corruption legislation, citing a need to first past a penal code.

Still, Prime Minister Hun Sen will not tolerate the trafficking of illegal wildlife or timber, said Ngoun Nhel, first vice president of the National Assembly, in a phone interview.

“The government has ordered the prevention of anyone exporting wild animals,” he said. “It is an order to the Ministry of Environment and to the authorities involved with the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to protect wildlife.”

Asia is a hotspot for the global wildlife trade, which leads to illegal arms and drug smuggling, according to Wildlife Alliance and Interpol, with trade valued between $6 billion and $20 billion per year.

Cambodia was roundly criticized in recent years for allowing vast tracts of forest to be illegally logged, and the environmental monitor Global Witness claims much of the revenue from the trade goes into the pocket of officials in the highest reaches of government and business.

Sorenson said he himself witnessed the natural destruction of Cambodia’s wilds by large foreign companies on a recent trip to Cambodia.

“If you look at Chinese involvement, by building hydroelectric dams, if you look at coal-fired power plants, there are large scale industrial projects,” he said.

Companies from Vietnam, Thailand and China were all involved harmful projects, he said.

“I saw that a Singaporean company dredged sand in the Cardamom Mountains even after a it was banned,” he said. “I witnessed that.”

Meanwhile, the government has a forest concession policy that grants thousands of hectares of land to private companies for investment in long-term industries. Foreign investors sign 99-year leases for up to 10,000 hectares of land.

If the forests are depleted, monitors warn, wildlife and the environment will suffer. Rain will decrease, along with natural spaces and ecosystems, which in turn could damage healthy living for people.

Following the Wildlife Alliance video presentation in Washington, Emily Kennedy, a master’s student of environmental policy at American University, said Cambodia was well known for supplying wildlife to Thai markets.

“I know in Thailand they got rid of most of their wildlife, so now they are going to Vietnam or Cambodia to get it,” she said.

Nadia Miller, a coordinator for Wildlife Alliance, said many donors were worried about the wildlife and timber trades.

“I think for the most part they are concerned about the degradation of the environment,” she said. The loss of wildlife and its habitat “is very powerful to people and very compelling,” she said.

Wildlife Alliance recommended that the government produce wildlife preservation policies that raise awareness to local people about its importance, while training officials and providing monitoring equipment.

Meanwhile, the use of animal products for medicine, body powder, food and furniture should be stopped immediately, environmental groups say.

Documentary Probes Chea Vichea’s Murder

By Men Kimseng, VOA Khmer
Original report from Washington
10 August 2009

Born Samnang and Sok Samoeun have each tearfully denied involvement in the murder for which they are blamed at every trial they’ve attended.

Facing 20-year prison sentences for the alleged killing of Chea Vichea, both are widely considered innocent, and in January, the Supreme Court ordered them released and has asked the Appeals Court to reexamine their case. But if it wasn’t them, then who was responsible for the death of the popular labor leader?

The question is asked but never answered in “Who Killed Chea Vichea?,” a new documentary from filmmaker Bradley Cox, screened in Rhode Island last week.

Cox’s first film, “The Plastic Killers,” examined the court case against Born Samnang and Sok Samoeun, and his new film investigates the murder beyond the suspects and puts more emphasis on the victim.

“I go into a lot of detail about the case of Chea Vichea and the death and the murder of Chea Vichea, but I also expand on the theme of the movie, to use it as an example of some of these problems [of corruption and impunity] that continue to plague Cambodia,” Cox said in an interview with VOA Khmer last week.

Rights groups have welcomed the film, claiming it sheds light on the innocence of the two men and the shortage of independence within the court system.

“Evidence in the video will show better that neither of the accused were Chea Vichea’s killers in 2004,” Om Samath, a rights investigator for Licadho who has been following the case, told VOA Khmer last week. “This is a good thing that will push the Appeals Court to seriously look into the case and hopefully be able to bring the real killer for prosecution and give justice to the victims.”

Chea Vichea, a former president of the Free Trade Union of Workers in the Kingdom of Cambodia, held wide influence over garment factory workers and was able to rally them in mass gatherings. He was gunned down in an assassination-style on the morning of Jan. 22, 2004, while reading a newspaper with friends at a newsstand near Wat Lanka.

Not long after, police arrested Born Samnang and Sok Samoeun. Both the Phnom Penh Municipal Court and the Appeals Court sentenced them to 20 years in prison.

“I am only telling the truth,” Sok Samoeun told VOA Khmer last week. “Once they charged me, I knew nothing of the killing. I didn’t know about the killing or who died. I knew nothing.”

Both men have been summoned to the Appeals Court later this month.

Lt. Gen. Khieu Sopheak, a spokesman for the Ministry of Interior, said the two are out on bail and no decision has been made in their case. He was surprised to learn the film had been released.

“Which one is the ‘Who’?” he asked, in reference to the title of the film. “Who did the film accuse?”

The film does not accuse anyone of the crime, but seeks to demonstrate that the two men accused of it could not have done it.

“What I’ve done is show conclusively who didn’t kill Chea Vichea,” Cox said. “It wasn’t Born Samnang and Sok Sameoun. I think any reasonable person can make their own conclusion. I don’t make a hard and fast conclusion as to who pulled the trigger. Personally, I don’t think we’ll ever know who really shot Chea Vichea on that day.”

The defendants, he said, do not have to prove in court who did the crime, he added, “just prove they didn’t do the killing themselves.”

Finding the killer, “that’s supposed to be the police’s job,” he said. And the more important question remains, knowing who was behind the decision to have Chea Vichea killed.

“Who Killed Chea Vichea?” includes interviews with police officers, judges, senior politicians in the ruling and opposition parties and rights and civic groups. It was filmed mainly in Cambodia, with other scenes in France, Holland, Thailand, Belgium and the US.

It will be shown on television in the US, as well as in Europe and Asia, but the filmmakers are not sure whether it will appear in Cambodia.

The recent screening, a little more than a week ahead of the Aug. 17 court day for Born Samnang and Sok Samoeun, was a coincidence, Cox said, and was unlikely to influence the court.

If the judge evaluates the case on its merits, “he would have to release Born Samnang and Sok Samoeun, because they are innocent,” Cox said. If there is political pressure, the two may not be released.

“Either way I don’t think my movie will have an effect on the judge,” he said.

Meanwhile, the biggest question remains unanswered.

“Chea Vichea’s killer is still far away,” said his brother, Chea Mony, who now heads the Free Trade Union. “We still don’t have a clue. We are still waiting for justice, and we have received not a single piece out of million.”

More information on the film, including a preview, can be found at

Thai Arrested for Insulting Angkor Wat

By Chun Sakada, VOA Khmer
Original report from Phnom Penh
10 August 2009

A Thai citizen was arrested in Poipet Monday for allegedly insulting Angkor Wat.

Banteay Meanchey provincial police arrested the man after he carved the shape of Angkor Wat in the concrete in front of a public toilet in the border town.

His act constituted “looking down” on Angkor Wat and was “against the will of Cambodian people,” a police official said, a penal crime under Cambodian law.

The suspect has not yet been sent to the court.

In 2003, rumors of Thai insults of Angkor Wat were enough to spark a night of riots and looting that destroyed the Thai Embassy and numerous Thai businesses in the capital.

The arrest also comes as Cambodia and Thailand are seeking to resolve a longrunning military standoff along the northern border.

Experts Urge More Natural Fertilizer Use

Yang Saing Koma, director of Center for Study and Development in Agriculture.

By Taing Sarada, VOA Khmer
Original report from Washington
10 August 2009

While most Cambodian farmers prefer to use chemical fertilizers on their crops, hoping to boost the yield of their rice, fruit and vegetables, agricultural experts warn that the use of such chemicals can damage health, soil quality and natural diversity.

Not only can it be harmful to humans, they say, but it can hurt biodiversity, damaging populations of fish, frogs and crabs that farmers depend on to supplement their diets.

Instead, farmers should try to maintain the nutrients in their soil for long-term farming of quality agricultural products, according to Yang Saing Koma, president of the Cambodian Center for Study and Development in Agriculture, or Cedac.

“To do sustainable agriculture, you should feed nutrients into the soil, then let the soil feed the crops,” he said in an interview with VOA Khmer. “If you use chemical fertilizer, you can only feed the crops. And if you only feed the crops, you can only farm for a short time. It is not different from human beings. If you want to feed the baby, you should feed the mother, because the mother is the producer of milk for the baby.”

To maintain crops and soil, he said, farmers should not use chemical fertilizer alone, but should mix it with natural compost to maintain the quality of the earth. Those who don’t are hurting themselves and their livelihoods.

“That person is committing suicide, because this will destroy the soil’s nutrients and the human’s health,” he said. “The disaster will be difficult to undo.”

Unlike chemical fertilizer, natural compost can be used alone. Compost is made up of decomposed leaves, like those from beans and other plants, and animal manure. Decomposed bird droppings can also be used. Farmers who live near the forest can collect forest leaves or jungle soil to make it.

Natural compost fertilizer creates a soil suitable for worms and crop-friendly insects, agents that make the soil more nutritious and healthy, Yang Saing Koma said.

It can be difficult for some people to produce, however, as some farmers don’t have enough plants for their personal needs, let alone for compost.

“There are more benefits from using natural fertilizer than using chemical fertilizer,” he said. “There are not enough bushes for the whole country’s consumption, and it would be difficult to transport them.”

Still, chemicals should be avoided, as they contain acids the reduce the number of helpful organisms in the soil and interfere with plant growth. Such chemicals are easily found in the market, like urea, DAT, 16200 and NPK.

Use of these chemicals can produce bigger harvests in a shorter amount of time, but they come with health consequences that can lead to the need for medical treatment in the future.

Ros Mao, a farmer in Takeo province, described his experience using chemical fertilizer for the rice fields and other crops. The chemicals led to stomach aches and diarrhea for him and his family, so he stopped using it in 2004, choosing natural fertilizer instead.

“I’d lost a lot of frogs, toads, crabs, snails,” he said. “And when I changed to the natural compost fertilizer, I saw those amphibians, reptiles, returning back. After the rainfall I saw them crying and singing. I could see that the natural compost fertilizer did not provide a large harvest, but we won over the environment.”

Sourn Pal, president of the local farmers association in Krain Yov commune, Sa’Ang district, Kandal province, said his group had switched to natural fertilizer and was selling to private companies or the Ministry of Agriculture.

“It can reduce the [money] farmers spend buying chemical fertilizer,” he said. “We maintain sustainable agriculture and our environment is getting better.”

Despite such converts, the use of chemicals remains widespread. In provinces west of the Tonle Sap, such as Kampong Cham, Pursat, Battambang and Banteay Meanchey, farmers are well known for the production of aromatic rice. But most of these farmers use chemicals.

Beung Chamnap, a Banteay Meanchey farmer, said he believed most growers in his province still use chemical fertilizer for their rice. Exceptions are the small farms that grow vegetables or fruit with natural compost.

With the increased use of tractors for plowing, the crops don’t get cow or buffalo manure for fertilizer. Chemical fertilizer is easy to buy and transport, he said, and it produces good results.

“Chemical fertilizer makes the crops grow greener and better than normal fertilizer,” he said. “It made the crops grow faster than natural compost.”

Beung Chmnap said he didn’t know what the effects on health or biodiversity were for the chemicals.

Meanwhile, other farmers in the province have begun to recognize that chemicals can hurt people’s health and the soil. That doesn’t always mean they avoid it.

“We don’t know what to do,” said Pleng Phany, a Banteay Meanchey farmer. “If we don’t use chemical fertilizer, our rice product will be lower than others. For example, they can get from 30 to 40 sacks per hectare using chemical fertilizer, but if we don’t use it, we can get 10 to 15 sacks.”

“People need to have a lot of income, so they need to use the chemical fertilizer, even though it costs a lot to buy,” she said.

Some farmers use up to 150 kilograms of chemical fertilizer per hectare of land, a third of it before they grow the rice, a third during the growing season, and a third when the rice produces flowers and seeds. That’s two or three times per year, depending on a farmer’s economic situation.

Soil quality will improve if they start using natural fertilizer, agricultural experts say.

“The good thing is, when we try to use natural compost fertilizer every year, our soil will get better and better,” said Chong Sophal, dean of the faculty of agriculture at Chomkar Doung University. “Nutrients in the soil will gain year by year after we use natural compost for four or five years.”

Chemical fertilizer works in the opposite direction.

“If we use a sack of chemical fertilizer this year, next year we will need to use more than a sack to maintain our yield at the same level,” Chong Sophal said. “We have to increase it every year. That is making our soil worse.”

Chong Sophal’s faculty is working on a formula for a new natural fertilizer that can be sold next to the chemical version, but they are not sure when it will be for sale.

Experts say the government can prohibit the import of chemical fertilizers that provide little value or destroy soil and health. Farmers, too, need to stop using the chemicals, but they need support; better irrigation, for example, which would produce more muddy soil for crops. Deforestation should be curbed, as well, as it destroys habitat and an important source of rain.

Heng Ratana, an official at the Agricultural Ministry’s secretariat for the System of Rice Intensification, said most farmers using chemicals are in provinces near neighboring countries, where they is easily smuggled in.

The ministry is working to educate farmers to raise awareness about the impact of chemicals and it advises people to save animal manure and collect organic waste.

“The Ministry of Agriculture, the leaders of the ministry, always take much care of the farmers,” he said. “They instruct the famers how to produce natural compost and build a hut or barn to keep it in.”

Some farmers even make a business selling cow or buffalo manure, he said.

Cedac’s Yang Saing Koma has a three-step strategy to improve Cambodian farming, the health of its citizens and its environment.

First, the government should increase outreach programs to teach farmers how to make compost. Second, more enterprises or factories can boost local markets for produce made with compost. Third, public awareness must be improved on the quality of organic vegetables, increasing the use of compost.

Other experts say priority should be given to improved irrigation and the creation of markets for these products.

“To change from bad farming to modern farming, you need flat land, water, the proper seeds for the proper soil, and to use the same technique at the same time,” Kampong Thom Governor Nam Tom told VOA Khmer.

Kompong Thom farmers produce rice variants called Phka Romdul and Sen Pidor, two types that fit the soil and natural geography.

Meanwhile, Cambodia sells its rice products in local and international markets, including to Thailand, Vietnam and China. And countries from the Persian Gulf and Africa, such as Qatar, are now looking to buy Cambodian rice.

However, many farmers who live in remote areas remain ignorant of the long-term impacts of chemical fertilizer, and others lack technical training for the use of natural compost. Some say the use of chemical fertilizer is simply easier than the use of compost; they buy it from the market and use it right away.

There are, however, some farmers who have begun using a natural fertilizer from America called Bio1, whose representatives say it is 100 percent organic.

Preap Sy, a farmer in Kompong Trabek district, Prey Veng province, said she has been using Bio1 on her rice field for more than a year. The soil was softer and she hasn’t seen any insects eating her rice crops, she said.

“This fertilizer is really good, and if someone knows how to use it, it is even better,” she said.

Bio1 is produced in Texas and was introduced to Cambodia after researchers spent two years studying its effects on agriculture there.

Yong Sodaro, seller agent of Bio1 in Cambodia, said it has significant benefits.

“It can protect your soil from viruses,” he said. “It can eliminate all bad insects.”

A liter of Bio1 costs 123,000 riel, about $30, and is mixed with water and palm sugar.

“We use 100 liters of water mixed with 2 kilograms of palm sugar,” Yong Sodaro said. “Mix it well, and then pour in one liter of Bio1 fertilizer. After that, keep it for 48 hours and use it to spray 1 hectare of land.”

Bio1 sells well in the provinces of Prey Veng, Svay Rieng, Kampong Speu and Takeo, as well as in some rubber plantations in Kampong Cham.

However, farmer Preap Sy said some villagers still complain that it is more difficult to use than other chemical fertilizers.

“It has a good quality after testing but many farmers complained that the watery fertilizer is more difficult to spray,” she said. “They say they are lazy to do that. They want a kind of powder fertilizer, it is easier to splash into the rice field. The people said they are lazy to carry the spraying pot. As you know, we have to spray many pots in a hectare of land.”

Sin Kosal, manager of the Tapao rubber plantation in Krouch Chhmar district, Kampong Cham province, said he changed to Bio1 after using chemicals like NPK and other natural fertilizers without great results.

He tested Bio1 on three of his 2,500 hectares of plantation and saw a lot of progress.

“So I put it on the rubber plantation,” he said. “First, I put it on the young [plant]. In one month, it expanded the size of the tree, and the leaves changed color from normal. Since we’ve used it, it seems like pretty good progress.”

Sin Kosal said he was excited because the Bio1 provided more rubber.

“Because I want to have a quality harvest, and you know the latex has so many thing composed together, sugar magnesium, calcium and so on,” he said. “To have good quality latex, we also need to select fertilizer for the plantation to increase the rubber. After I used Bio1, I think it is better that using some other chemicals or natural fertilizers.”

Ung Synara, a Bio1 importer from Texas, said the fertilizer can reduce chemical fertilizer use from 75 percent to 100 percent and reduce the pesticide needed to spray for insects.

“In the areas we tested, it increased [the yield] from 1.5 tons to 3 tons of rice,” he said. “It can also protect the plants from drought for up to six weeks. It make the rice quality better, and the seed is heavier.”

Bio1 has been used in the United States, South America and Europe, he said. And it was made in a laboratory.

“It is composed of many kinds of [non-toxic ingredients] that bring the nitrogen into the soil,” he said. “It has [qualities] that activate the roots to make them receive more nutrients. Biodiversity can make the soil more moist, when prevents the plants from becoming so exhausted.”

Bio1 is a good alternative for farmers who cannot make or access locally produced compost, he said.

Cambodia uses about 2.5 million square kilometers for rice, and about the same amount again for other farming. If all farmers start to use natural fertilizer, the country could run out of resources, he said.

“For example, we use 4 tons of cow manure and chicken manure. If we all start using that, then we will start to buy or collect it, and then these resources will run out,” he said. “If we cut the bushes to produce natural fertilizer, then we won’t have very many bushes at all.”

Cambodia, Vietnam to strengthen bilateral co-op between ruling parties

www.chinaview.cn
2009-08-10

PHNOM PENH, Aug. 10 (Xinhua) -- Cambodian People's Party (CPP) and Vietnamese Communist Party will continue to enhance their bilateral cooperation, a Cambodian official said Monday.

Both sides agreed to enhance human resources development and share experience, Ieng Sophalet, assistant to Prime Minister Hun Sen told reporters after the talk between Hun Sen and Houng Binh Quan, member of Central Politburo of Vietnamese Communist Party and chairman of the Central Committee of International Relation Affairs of the Vietnamese Communist Party.

Both sides will also exchange the visits of party delegations regularly to enhance the cooperation, he said, adding that Prime Minister Hun Sen requested both parties to promote bilateral cooperation in economy and trade amid the global economic and financial crisis.

Houng Binh Quan and his delegation arrived here on Sunday for athree-day visit. He will also meet with Cambodia's Senate President Chea Sim and the National Assembly President Heng Samrimon Tuesday.


Editor: Li

Maybank opens 5th branch in Cambodia

http://www.btimes.com.my/

2009/08/10

Malayan Banking Bhd (Maybank) has opened its fifth branch in Cambodia.

Located in Chbar Amplov town, south-east of Phnom Penh City, the branch would offer commercial and wholesale banking together with selected retail banking services.

It would also offer trade finance facilities, deposit and placement products, remittance and foreign exchange service as well as housing loans.

Maybank head of international Abdul Farid Alias said the opening of the fifth branch was part of the bank's strategy to strengthen its presence in the region as well as support the expanding Cambodian economy.

"Our Cambodian operations, which began in 1993, have shown positive growth over the years arising from the rapid economic growth there.

"In the past three years, for example, loans grew by 185 per cent while deposits grew by 27 per cent," he said in a statement today.

He said the bank would continue to increase its range of facilities and services to reach even more segments of the local market as it expanded its operations in Cambodia. -- Bernama

Chabad Center To Open in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Rabbi Butman, together with his wife led the seders last Passover in Phnom Penh, there are 100-150 Jews living in Cambodia’s capital city

AUGUST 10, 2009

by S. Fridman

(lubavitch.com) Merkos L’Inyonei Chinuch, the educational division of Chabad-Lubavitch, has appointed Chabad representatives to Cambodia, a first for this South East Asian country.

Rabbi Bentzion and Mashie Butman, respectively 26 and 23, will be leaving for Phnom Penh in the near future, along with their 18-month old son and newborn baby.


“We’ve established a need for Chabad in Cambodia where the number of Jews continues to grow,” said Rabbi Yosef Chaim Kantor, Chabad representative of Thailand who directs Chabad centers in the region.

According to Rabbi Butman, who together with his wife led the seders last Passover in Phnom Penh, there are 100-150 Jews living in Cambodia’s capital city. That’s a marked spike in numbers since two years ago when there were only 30.

Typically, it is business that brings Jews to Cambodia, though some are working with NGOs. But to date, there is no meeting place where Jews can find each other.

“That’s one of our objectives in opening a Chabad center there,” says Rabbi Butman. “We want the Chabad House to be the address where Jews can meet other Jews, where they can speak in the same language and feel at home.”

The Butmans, who live in New York now, appreciate the value of this service for westerners who live in this third-world country. Both Bentzion and Mashie say they expect that loneliness will be the biggest challenge for them.

“It’s far, everything about Cambodia is strange to us; the language, the climate—which is very humid and uncomfortable—the mentality and the way of life are very different from ours, ” says Rabbi Butman, whose nearest colleagues will be the Chabad representatives in Vietnam.

With very few Jewish women in Phnom Penh, and even fewer Jewish children there, Mashie admits that she will have to be patient as she learns to make a life there.

Despite the difficulties she anticipates, especially in raising children so far from family, she sees it as a chance to put all her training to work. “This is what I was trained for,” she says cheerfully.

It may well be one of the more daunting destinations that a young couple can choose for their lifelong mission, but, says Rabbi Butman, “It is our choice.”

The possibilities to reach Jewish people and make a meaningful difference in their lives there are tremendous, says Butman, precisely because no one else is there to do that.

“That’s why we are going there. We were taught that it is our purpose to be lamplighters. There are Jews in Cambodia who need us, and it’s our responsibility to reach them.”

The Butmans say they expect about 15-20 people to join them for Shabbat dinners from the get-go, and have confirmed 4-6 individuals eager to join all of their educational and social activities. “They want to start studying with us immediately,” says Rabbi Butman.

That’s good enough reason, says Rabbi Kantor, for installing Chabad representatives to this post. “We go where there are Jews who need us.”

Making kosher food available will also top the Butmans’ priority list. The couple will have to forget dairy foods; kosher meat and poultry will be shipped from abroad, as will many of the kosher staples, which they will also make available to the community. “We hope to get busy koshering people’s homes here as well.”

Rabbi Moshe Kotlarsky, Vice Chairman of Merkos, says that he, together with Rabbi Kantor and regional Chabad emissaries will do their utmost to extend every form of support to the couple as they embark on their new appointment. The decision to establish a Chabad center in Phnom Penh, and in recruiting the Butmans to fill the position was, he says, carefully considered.

“We’ve had many meetings about this. I feel confident that the Butmans have the energy and stamina to succeed at this enormous mission,” he said.

UTSA forms research partnerships with Cambodian universities

Monday, August 10, 2009

San Antonio Business Journal - by Tamarind Phinisee

The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) has formed relationships with two Cambodian universities that will allow faculty and staff at all three schools to collaborate in research, teaching and study abroad programs.

UTSA formed partnerships with Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), Cambodia’s first and largest university, and Pannasastra University. Pannasastra is a private university that was opened in 2000 by a group of Cambodian Americans who fled the country because of the genocide that took place during the 1970s. However, they decided to return home with advanced degrees to start the university.

The collaborative efforts between the universities began earlier this year when UTSA associate professor of bicultural-bilingual studies, Wayne Wright, traveled on a Fulbright Scholarship to teach at RUPP in the master of education program.

Wright, who is fluent in Cambodian, says he chose the country in order to contribute to the rebuilding of the education system devastated by genocide and decades of civil war. Additionally, he was able to introduce his children to the Cambodian language, history and culture and reconnect with his wife’s family who live near the capital.

Wright will be supervising five master’s students working on their theses at RUPP and will be finishing up a research project that he started with one of the faculty members there.

“My hope is to find funding to support a big collaborative research project related to teacher training in Cambodia that can involve all three universities,” Wright says.

UTSA president Ricardo Romo says agreements like these are important for UTSA students.

“We would be left behind if we didn’t try to be a bit more proactive in setting up programs that would allow the students to see other parts of the world,” Romo says. “We need to take advantage of these kinds of connections with other universities and let our students reap the benefits of those kinds of networks.”

Khmer Rouge prison chief 'beat inmate'

Former Khmer Rouge prison chief Kaing Guek Eav, better known as "Duch", is pictured in court in Cambodia in 2008. A former guard at the Khmer Rouge's main jail said that he saw his boss beat an inmate with a stick -- the first testimony by an ex-colleague that Duch personally tortured prisoners.
(AFP/File/Tang Chhin Sothy)


PHNOM PENH (AFP) – A former guard at the Khmer Rouge's main jail said Monday that he saw his boss beat an inmate with a stick -- the first testimony by an ex-colleague that Duch personally tortured prisoners.

Witness Saom Meth was giving evidence to Cambodia's UN-backed war crimes tribunal in the trial of prison chief Duch, who is accused of overseeing the torture and execution of about 15,000 people at Tuol Sleng detention centre.

"I saw Brother Duch sitting right in the villa (at the jail) with a rattan stick in his hand and the guards were outside at the door," Saom Meth told the court.

"Duch actually used the rattan stick to beat the detainee, he did not beat him much before I left. He beat him on the back," the 51-year-old said.

Saom Meth also described various torture techniques used at the jail including the insertion of electric wires into the ears and the ripping out of prisoners' fingernails.

"I could see their nails were removed and their backs sustained some wound," Saom Meth added.

The 66-year-old Duch, whose real name is Kaing Guek Eav, has previously accepted responsibility for his role in governing the jail under the 1975-1979 communist regime and begged forgiveness.

The prison in the capital Phnom Penh was at the centre of the Khmer Rouge's brutal campaign of repression and was turned into a genocide museum after forces backed by neighbouring Vietnam overthrew the movement.

Led by Pol Pot, who died in 1998, the Khmer Rouge emptied Cambodia's cities in a bid to forge an agrarian utopia, resulting in the deaths of up to two million people from starvation, overwork and torture.

Monday, 10 August 2009

AsiaPac to treat million HIV patients by 2011: UNAIDS

The Asia Pacific region is on target to treat a million HIV-positive people with antiretroviral drugs within the next two years, Prasanda Rao, UN AIDS regional director has said.
(AFP/Sonny Tumbelaka)

NUSA DUA, Indonesia (AFP) – The Asia Pacific region is on target to treat a million HIV-positive people with antiretroviral drugs within the next two years, a UN body said on Monday.

Around 565,000 people in the region are already receiving treatment, UNAIDS regional director Prasada Rao said, adding he was "confident" of getting the medicine to another half-a-million people by 2011.

"We're half-way through. There are still about 500,000 more who need to be covered by antiretroviral treatment (before we) reach the universal access target," he told reporters on the sidelines of the ninth International Congress on AIDS in Asia and the Pacific (ICAAP) in Bali, Indonesia.

An estimated five million Asians are living with HIV, many of them in Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines and Indonesia, according to a UN report released last year.

"At any one point, 20 percent (of the people living with HIV) would be needing treatment," he said.

The one-million figure means "the region will be able to achieve something substantial in terms of putting people on treatment" even though "new infections continue to occur", he said.

"I'm very confident we will be able to achieve it... because more money is coming from global funding and better programming by countries," he added.

Rao told reporters that up to 80 percent of HIV-positive people in Thailand, Cambodia and Laos were receiving treatment, but some other countries were only managing to reach 10 to 15 percent.

Delegates from 65 nations are attending the meeting, which runs until Thursday, to discuss topics ranging from HIV risks among migrant workers to the impact of the financial crisis on those with the disease.

Decreasing Freedom in Cambodia

By Kimberly Curtis
Monday, August 10. 2009

Cambodia has never been known as a haven for free speech and political dissent, but several recent developments in the country have observers even more concerned about the shrinking space for political expression.

Last week, a Cambodian court found an outspoken opposition MP guilty of defamation for filing her own defamation suit against Prime Minister Hun Sen. The case has been a high profile one for months in the Southeast Asian country and has polarized the public, but observers claim that the conviction of Mu Sochua is proof of a growing crackdown on dissent by the Cambodian government.

The case arose out of a speech Sen made in April in Kampot province, the province that Sochua represents in parliament and one of the provinces that has seen forcible evictions by the army for their land. Although Sochua was not mentioned by name, comments that Sen made deriding and insulting the province’s parliamentary representation were clearly aimed at her. Sochua responded by doing the unthinkable - she filed a defamation suit against the Prime Minister for his comments. The case was immediately rejected by the courts, but Sen fired back by filing his own defamation suit against Sochua for filing against him. The courts upheld his suit and last Tuesday, handed down a ruling in Sen’s favor against Sochua and fined her $4000.

The result was not surprising in a country where the government has a long history with interfering with the courts. But it is also just the most recent development in the government’s mission to silence criticism. There have been numerous lawsuits filed against prominent opposition members, journalists, and human rights activists in recent months that seem aimed at intimidating dissent. The charges usually involve libel or disinformation, and the cases always end with conviction. Some of the targets have been jailed, some have fled the country to avoid jail, and some have capitulated and abandoned their critical positions to swear allegiance to the ruling party in order to avoid the courts.

This trend is not new, but continues without consequences from the international community. The government is even suspected of interfering with the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, the hybrid tribunal set up by the UN to try people for grave crimes committed during the Khmer Rouge regime in the 1970s. But all the international community does is weakly protest such interference before allowing it to continue. The same appears to be happening regarding the domestic courts, where the rule of law is actually the rule of Sen’s law.

Opposition parties are now divided about what to do. Continuing to criticize government policies is a losing battle that some seem keen to give up, while others feel that it is their duty as political representatives, activists, and journalists to keep fighting that battle, especially because of the growing pressures on dissent. It is likely that in the future, Sochua’s trial will be seen as a turning point for the Cambodian opposition, but at this moment it is unclear what that future will be.

Former Khmer Rouge guard describes dumping corpses at Cambodia's Killing Fields

Monday, August 10th, 2009

PHNOM PENH, Cambodia - A former Khmer Rouge prison guard told a court Monday he was taken to Cambodia's notorious Killing Fields one afternoon 30 years ago and ordered to dump corpses into a mass grave.

Chhun Phal, 47, said he did not count how many dead bodies he handled, but it took him and 11 other guards two hours to dispose of them.

"I was asked to bury the bodies," he said softly. "I managed to only fill one pit with dead bodies."

The guards then dug two more pits to add to the hundreds of mass graves at Choeung Ek, more commonly known as the Killing Fields, on the outskirts of the capital, Phnom Penh, where thousands of the Khmer Rouge's victims were killed and their bodies dumped.

Chhun Phal's testimony came at the trial of Kaing Guek Eav - better known as Duch - who headed the notorious S-21 prison in Phnom Penh. Up to 16,000 people were tortured under Duch's command and later taken to the Killing Fields during the Khmer Rouge's 1975-1979 rule. Only a handful survived.

Duch is being tried by the genocide tribunal for crimes against humanity, war crimes, murder and torture. An estimated 1.7 million Cambodians died under the communist Khmer Rouge regime.

Duch (pronounced DOIK) is the first senior Khmer Rouge figure to face trial and the only one to acknowledge responsibility for his actions. He is the first of five defendants scheduled for long-delayed trials, and his trial, which started in March, is expected to wrap up by the end of the year.

Judges asked Duch (pronounced DOIK) if he recalled Chhun Phal and had anything to add to his testimony.

Duch, 66, said he remembered Chhun Phal was about 15 when he assigned him to S-21. Duch said he chose him because he was young and came from a peasant family that was regarded as faithful to the Khmer Rouge.

"He fit my criteria," Duch told the court. "I did not want anyone who was already trained or educated. I selected people I could train psychologically and politically."

Senior leaders Khieu Samphan, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary and Ieng Sary's wife, Ieng Thirith, are detained and are likely to face trial in the next year or two.

Cambodia to set up first National Arbitration Center

People's Daily Online
http://english.people.com.cn

August 10, 2009

Cambodia's first National Arbitration Center will be set up aimed at resolving business disputes and enhancing the confidence of private sectors doing business here, according to a press release from IFC on Monday.

IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, and Cambodia's Ministry of Commerce on Monday signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to implement a three-year project to set up a National Arbitration Center to resolve business disputes and bolster confidence in the commercial system.

The National Arbitration Center will be the first commercial arbitration body in Cambodia offering the business community an alternative commercial dispute resolution mechanism to the courts and enabling businesses to resolve their disputes quickly, inexpensively, fairly, and with certainty. It thus promises to enhance the private sector's comfort level with engaging in business transactions.

IFC will support the establishment and operation of the center for the first three years, in collaboration with the Asian Development Bank and other partners. The support will include advisory services to the Secretariat of the Inception and Selection Commission in selecting and training an initial group of arbitrators, establishing procedures, and supporting the center's initial operations.

"The government has worked hard to create the legal framework for alternative dispute resolution by passing the commercial arbitration legislation in 2006 and recently issuing a sub-decree on the operations of the National Arbitration Center," said Cham Prasidh, senior minister and minister of commerce, speaking at the signing ceremony. "We are committed to supporting its development, and I believe it will be an effective mechanism for resolving commercial disputes."

Trang Nguyen, head of IFC Advisory Services in the Mekong, said, "IFC is pleased to work with the Ministry of Commerce and the private sector on this important initiative. As the Cambodian economy grows and there are more commercial transactions, a streamlined dispute resolution mechanism gives the private sector more comfort to engage in business transactions."

Source: Xinhua

David Chandler: “Obedience plays into the horror of it all”

Kambol (Phnom Penh, Cambodia). 06/08/2009: Bags belonging to Sieam Reap residents who left their village at midnight to arrive on time for Duch’s trial, which has known records of attendance
©John Vink/ Magnum


Ka-set
http://cambodia.ka-set.info/

By Stéphanie Gée
10-08-2009

Thursday August 6th saw the highly anticipated hearing of U.S. professor David Chandler, one of the leading experts on Cambodia’s recent history and author, among others, of “Brother Number One” (1992) and “Voices from S-21” (1999). In addition to highlighting the characteristics of S-21, the “anteroom to death” where prisoners were all bound to be executed, the 76-year-old expert shed a bold light on the human dimension of the accused, by choosing to stress the vulnerability of the man who may be led to commit “crimes of obedience” rather than giving any credit to the idea of absolute evil. He thus agreed with the thesis defended by Duch, who says he was an “actor and hostage of this criminal regime.” However, there was a huge regret mixed with an incomprehension: why did the judges decide to hear this important witness over one day only, when the analysis of the heart of the case neared its end, while other witnesses with less significance were summoned over one or two days of trial?

The “Last Plan”
After a short presentation on the research publications made by David Chandler, mostly those focusing on Democratic Kampuchea, judge Cartwright reviewed various points raised in his book on S-21. She asked him on what he based his conclusion that the accused was the author of the “Last Plan,” a document written in 1978 and seeking to demonstrate that the confessions collected for two years pointed out to a large conspiracy involving the United States, USSR, Taiwan and Vietnam, he specified in his book. The professor, who has never met the accused, said he recalled seeing that the text in Duch’s handwriting.

S-21, a “total institution”
David Chandler applied to S-21 the concept of “total institution” – elaborated by U.S. sociologist Erving Goffman, he recalled – which designates an isolated place which “follows its own rules” to continue working. He listed other characteristics defining this security centre: secrecy at the very heart of the administration, its hierarchical nature and the imposition of harsh discipline by the accused.

“You described [the accused] in this manner: as the man in charge of S-21, Duch worked hard to control every aspect of its operations, his experiences and instincts from teaching were helpful: he was used to keeping records, finding answers to problems, earning respect and disciplining groups of people. […]. Duch often frightened workers at the prison. […] Further on [in your book], you say that as a mathematician, he enjoyed rationally-pleasing models…” The New Zealand judge carried out her interrogation, her nose in David Chandler’s book, simply asking him, with often closed questions, to confirm what he had written.

The role of archives at S-21
Questioned on the archives at S-21, “more extensive and detailed” than in other parts of the Santebal apparatus, the American detailed the objectives of such a procedure: it seemed to him that one purpose was “to demonstrate to the party leadership that S-21 was a thoroughly responsible, efficient, modern and productive body inside the government, inside a country where conditions were in many places […] completely chaotic from day to day. Another purpose was to demonstrate the professionalism of the defendant and his colleagues. Another was to inform the top leadership in as much details as possible whether and in what way its suspicions were justified for certain prisoners and to uncover strings of traitors […] that would give information to the leadership it could then use for its own purposes. And finally, this is speculation […], one purpose of assembling this mighty archives was that it might serve as a source for a triumphant and triumphal history of the Communist Party of Kampuchea [CPK] […]. They were trying their very best to do a good job […] and they trying very conscientiously to serve what they perceived as the needs of the party leadership which changed course from year to year, month to month and even from day to day.”

Confessions which authenticity could not be contested
Judge Lavergne continued: “The accused informed us on several occasions that he did not trust the authenticity of the confessions extracted at S-21, he did not consider them as reflecting the truth. Are you able to tell us if, either on the part of the accused or maybe also Democratic Kampuchea leaders, there was either blindness, some kind of cynicism or some kind of, I don’t know, paranoia? Were there things like that in the operation of S-21 and on the part of its leaders?” In David Chandler’s view, the explanation of the accused was “accurate.” He explained that if he had said that to the Democratic Kampuchea leaders, “his position [at S-21] and his life might have been in danger. So therefore, the confessions and the whole machinery of producing confessions were allowed to run on steadily, in some sense regardless of the accuracy or usefulness of a good deal of the information. […] But these confessions were allowed to go forward largely, I think, to serve and satisfy the need on the part of senior members of the regime [who claimed that] these sorts of things were taking place.” He later insisted that the interrogation work was S-21’s principal raison d’etre.

Conspiracy, confession, execution
The expert explained to the co-Prosecutors that S-21 was established because, particularly from mid-1976, the regime leaders were convinced that “nests of traitors existed inside the communist party.” Therefore, there was a need for a full-scale interrogation facility needed to be established to work on these suspicions in order to produce clear information for these leaders, to verify whether conspiracy activities existed or were being planned. Returning to the specificity of the centre directed by Duch, the professor noted that “by their confessions, [the prisoners] were in a process of re-educating themselves, rebuilding themselves into better citizens for having admitted what they had done, but they were re-educating themselves… in order to be killed. And that to me doesn’t make any sense.”

Did the accused have a choice?
International co-Prosecutor William Smith asked him if, in his opinion, the accused had a choice in the implementation of the CPK policy at S-21, and if he could have minimised the sufferings and killings at S-21. “I can’t believe that these actions can go unnoticed just because there is a context that can explain them. On the other hand, there is the idea that people had a free choice to disobey what they saw as the ruling context of Democratic Kampuchea […]. But once that context started to move forward, maybe they didn’t have that choice. The choices were made very early. […] I am reluctant to say this because I have never been in any kind of situation where I would have been in danger by refusing to do something. But I can’t help but think that the people who inflicted this terrible damage on everybody knew what they were doing, and almost worse, did not seem to suffer themselves from what was happening. It didn’t seem to lead them to lose sleep, […] to lessen their enthusiasm for coming back to work the next day.”

Kambol (Phnom Penh, Cambodia). 06/08/2009: David P. Chandler, researcher specialised in the Khmer Rouge, during his testimony before the ECCC
©John Vink/ Magnum


David Chandler admitted that Duch was quite happy that some confessions could have been extracted without resorting to torture. And if that could have been generalised, the accused claimed “he would have been a happier administration of the prison.” “But I can’t see from the documentary evidence how that very deep remorse came from his knowledge of the day-to-day activities of the prison or what we could call excesses that shine through a lot of the confessions or testimonials of survivors.”

An enthusiastic and proud administrator of S-21
David Chandler explained that Duch did respond to the leaders’ expectations and executed their orders – otherwise, he would have been in danger – but he also sought to please them. “He was an enthusiastic and proud administrator of S-21 who worked out techniques and organisational methodology from scratch. There were no precedents for this kind of place. […] [Duch] was innovating, improving all the time. And I think he was doing not only what his superiors thought was a reasonably good job or he would have known and been dismissed, but also what he himself thought was […] an excellent job. I think he wanted to excel in this job and in other things earlier in his career: he wanted to excel as a student, he wanted to excel as an apprentice revolutionary, and throughout his professional life. I think he was interested in not just serving those above him but to serve them with enthusiasm and skill, so that he could be proud of himself.” However, the expert concluded, the accused was not the sole initiator or monitor of what was happening at S-21, although, in his opinion, “not much escaped his attention” and he was given considerable leeway in how to proceed.

The dark side of man
The witness specified a little later he wanted to suggest in his book that “under certain conditions, almost anyone could be led to perform activities of this kind. […] once their behaviour was routinised and once these people were not punished but permitted to go further and further […], [the staff of S-21] […] operated generally with more enthusiasm rather than less. Why this is true, I’m not sure. But it is a dark side to all of us.”

A regime in which everyone was caught up…
David Chandler suggested that the regime carried a “self-insurance” that it would fall. “This kind of absolute confidence that they [the Democratic Kampuchea leaders] were on the right track was very dangerous. No one was given time to ask questions, to hesitate. There was no chance to contradict. So, the regime became like a waterfall in which everyone was caught up.”

No generalised sexual crimes at S-21
When Silke Studzinsky, for civil party group 2, raised the issue of sexual crimes committed at S-21, which were mentioned in some confessions, the witness seized the chance to observe that if there were such abuses, there was no evidence proving they were not generalised. Moreover, those were “punished,” “with re-education at Prey Sar, or even death if the person concerned confessed his acts.”

The smashing of detainees was part of Duch’s mandate
For the defence, Kar Savuth asked him if, during his research, he discovered whether the accused ever ordered the execution of prisoners without having received the order from his superiors first. David Chandler answered that no such superior echelon orders survived, if they did exist. “If they had survived, it would have made the work of this tribunal much easier!” Duch’s mandate at S-21, he pursued, was to see to it that everyone who entered the prison left it for execution. So, he did not have to “seek higher authority to supervise a system in which […] everybody got killed” and to give the green light to “smash” since it was part of his mandate.

The regrets of the accused did not lead him to desert, at the fall of the regime
François Roux, Duch’s international co-lawyer, took over. “Since this morning, no one has raised the fact the accused is pleading guilty and admits his responsibility. Do you consider that the accused’s recognition of his responsibility is of service to history?” “That’s an easy question. I think yes, indeed. I was extremely moved and impressed by that admission of responsibility, which seems to me pretty unique in surviving actors of that administration.” The witness did however not go any further. A few questions later, he stressed that “the awareness that the regime was criminal came in 1978 [to Duch], when he said he began to get disillusioned […]. He was also frightened because the final outbursts of the regime seemed extremely arbitrary. […] The statements of Pol Pot made absolutely no sense. […] In the closing six months [of the regime], there is a documented series of regrets on the part of the defendant, but these did not extend to – and I am not being accusatory – his deserting the movement in 1979 and 1980. He continued being a revolutionary.”

About the leaders’ paranoia
What about the paranoia that had taken hold of the Khmer Rouge leaders? “The paranoia started at the centre and spread down through the ranks.” “In this whole atmosphere of 1978, there was an attempt to diminish the extent of the cruelties which the regime was noted for and to try and balance the boat as it was headed for disaster. But the paranoia of the leadership continued to have no bounds because if indeed, the most dangerous enemies were those that were invisible, that can never stop because you can’t see them.”

The “Last Plan” was not Duch’s work
Suddenly, the lawyer informed him: “I regret that neither the co-Prosecutors or the civil party lawyers warned you about the difficulties regarding one item of evidence in the case file.” In his book, David Chandler attributed the document entitled the “Last Plan” to Duch, but François Roux reported that the co-Prosecutors recognised this text had not been written by the accused, but by Pon [important interrogator at S-21], and Duch confirmed his and Pon’s handwritings looked similar. The French lawyer insisted that the prosecution should have communicated this information to the witness.

Crimes of obedience
Then, welcoming his courage in addressing the “crimes of obedience” at the end of his book on S-21, François Roux invited him to explain Milgram’s experiment, which aimed to determine an individual’s level of obedience to an authority considered to be legitimate, which he evoked in his book. Volunteers recruited through advertisement were asked to send electric charges of increasing voltage to candidates – actually actors – as they answered questions increasingly wrong. “70% of the volunteers obeyed the commands to increase the voltage past the danger level,” David Chandler reminded, despite the screams heard on the other side of the wall by those pretending to receive electric shocks. In this mise en scene staged unbeknownst to the volunteers, the orders were given by a professor wearing a white coat who represented authority. The conclusions of this experiment carried out in the United States in the early 1960s and since repeated in other countries have never been questioned. David Chandler drew a parallel with “the culture of S-21 and Democratic Kampuchea, where the people who gave the orders were accustomed to giving them and the people who received the orders were accustomed to obeying. There was no culture in Cambodia of questioning commands by someone who is in authority […]. So, I used this experiment to show how, in a situation like S-21, obedience plays into the horror of it all,” the expert said, before carefully adding: “I don’t think it explains everything, but I think it is useful to see to what extent people like us have built into ourselves the fact that if the man in charge says it is ok, then it must be ok. Then it feeds into the culture of S-21.” François Roux nuanced in his turn: “To understand does not mean to justify.”

Perpetrating evil, within anyone’s reach
Finally, François Roux finished his interrogation with what he considered “the fundamental question,” that is the last sentence in David Chandler’s book: “To find the source of the evil that was enacted at S-21 on a daily basis, we need to look no further than ourselves.” The witness did not let himself get trapped. While he maintained the sentence, he also specified that it was “not placed in the conclusion for the purposes of a judicial process.” But, he continued, it related to one’s capacity to do good or evil, which did not excuse in any way the person who perpetrates evil. “I did not like hearing other people say ‘look at those people, they are evil.’ What I wanted to tell them was who knows what they would do if they found themselves in such a situation?”

Ho Chi Minh’s head, for lack of Nixon
The accused was very deferential with the professor and expressed to him the respect he had for his work. Duch accepted the witness’ observation that the picture of a Ho Chi Minh headed dog – which prisoners were made to bow to – was not an idea of the CPK, but resulted from his own initiative. “I think that is an accurate observation. I know it was not right to do that. But back then, I did not manage to find a picture of Richard Nixon…”, Duch explained, prompting amused smiles in the room. On July 27th, he had contested in court a declaration that the renowned professor had attributed to him in his book and claimed he was ready to answer questions in due time, during the expert’s hearing. That did not happen.

From Bizot to Chandler
David Chandler’s testimony echoed that of François Bizot who was held hostage by Duch and had explained to the Chamber, on April 8th, that he had discovered the man behind the monster in Duch – something the French ethnologist had found most terrifying precisely. But there was one difference. While the former arrived to that conclusion through analysis and intellectual construction, the latter experienced it in his flesh.

Kambol (Phnom Penh, Cambodia). 06/08/2009: Several buses packed with Siem Reap residents left their village at midnight to be able to attend the trial at the ECCC in the morning
©John Vink/ Magnum